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Corn Insects

Corn Insects. Glenn Studebaker Extension Entomologist. Corn Insect Management. Plant Early Avoids many insect pests such as earworm, borers Use a seed treatment or in-furrow insecticide Many soil pests cause damage to seed or seedling Manage southwestern corn borer.

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Corn Insects

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  1. Corn Insects Glenn Studebaker Extension Entomologist

  2. Corn Insect Management • Plant Early • Avoids many insect pests such as earworm, borers • Use a seed treatment or in-furrow insecticide • Many soil pests cause damage to seed or seedling • Manage southwestern corn borer

  3. Seed Treatments (About 10 bushel/acre increase) Lower rates (250) good for seedcorn maggot, wireworms. Higher rates (500) will help suppress Chinch bugs, stink bugs • Clothianidin • Poncho 250 • Poncho 500 • Thiamethoxam • Cruiser 250 • Cruiser 500 • Imidacloprid • Axcess 0.16-0.72 mg • Senator 0.16-0.72 mg • Concur 1.8 oz/50 lbs

  4. Changes to Corn Recommendations • Added a section on stink bugs in corn • Treatment level different for early season versus later • Seedling corn – treat at 10% infestation • Ear formation – treat at 50% infestation

  5. Early Season Stink Bug Damage • Stunted plants • Causes tillering • Stand loss

  6. Ear Damage From Stink Bugs • Most damaging during early ear formation • Little yield loss once grain reaches dough stage

  7. Corn Earworm High in 2010 Non Bt Corn Triple Pro Corn

  8. Caterpillar Events • Most active against the borers • Southwestern • European • Sugarcane (south AR?) • Some activity against others: • Corn earworm • Fall armyworm

  9. Non Bt Herculex Triple Pro

  10. Non Bt Herculex Triple Pro

  11. Non Bt Herculex Triple Pro

  12. Non Bt Herculex Triple Pro

  13. VT Triple Pro and SmartStax Corn – Madison Co., TN - 2009 Kernel Damage per 10 Ears (high pressure)

  14. VT Triple Pro and SmartStax Corn – Madison Co., TN – 2009 CEW per 10 Ears

  15. Viptera Trial in Corn (Dough)Starkville, MS 2009 # Per 25 Ears

  16. YieldGard-CB Herculex 1 Non-Bt Smartstax (VT3P, HXX) VT3PRO

  17. Southwestern Corn Borer • Generally see second generation around first 2 weeks of July • Applications of insecticides with good residual • Intrepid 8 oz (2 wks) • Coragen (2-3 wks) • Belt 3 oz (2-3 wks) • Bifenthrin (10 days) • Other Pyrethroids (4 d)

  18. Refuge Requirements • Refuge is 50% non-Bt corn for Yieldgard and Herculex corn in Arkansas • Refuge is 20% for Yieldgard Triple Pro, SmartStax and Viptera • If refuge is a separate field it must be ½ mile or closer to Bt corn.

  19. Refuge Compliance • ABSTC – Agricultural Biotechnology Stewardship Technical Committee • Monitor Bt resistance • Survey refuge compliance • Promote resistance management

  20. Refuge Compliance in Corn • 80% of U.S. corn growers of all-insect traits in compliance • 69% of those planting stacked Bt corn • 31% compliance among corn growers in Southern U.S. • There will be extensive on-farm monitoring in 2 areas of the U.S. in 2011 (locations not determined yet)

  21. EPA • Fall armyworm populations in Puerto Rico and Florida already resistant to Cry1F and one SmartStax toxin. • Greater tolerance to Bt toxins found in corn earworm in mid-south (includes Arkansas) • A draft rule moving through EPA that will start fining growers for refuge violations

  22. Grain Sorghum insect management Glenn Studebaker Extension Entomologist –University of Arkansas

  23. Sorghum midge • The most important pest of grain sorghum • Can cause drastic yield losses • Very tiny insect

  24. Midge Adult

  25. SORGHUM MIDGE • LIFE CYCLE – 11 TO 21 DAYS (16) • ADULT LIVES 24 – 36 HOURS • FEMALE LAYS 50 – 250 EGGS • LARVAE FEED ON DEVELOPING SEED • OVERWINTER AS LARVAE IN SEED HUSK OF HOSTS • FEEDS ON SEVERAL RELATED GRASS PLANTS

  26. SORGHUM MIDGE • IMMATURES INJURE DEVELOPING SEEDS – CONTROL BEFORE AND DURING POLLINATION OF GRAIN HEAD • SCOUT DURING BLOOM (YELLOW ANTHERS EXPOSED ON SEED HEAD) 20-90% OF HEADS BLOOMING • APPLY RECOMMENDED INSECTICIDE AT 1 MIDGE PER HEAD AFTER 20-30% OF FIELD HAS BEGUN TO BLOOM • IF ADULTS ARE STILL ACTIVE 3-5 DAYS LATER, APPLY 2ND AND 3RD APPLICATIONS AS NEEDED 3-5 DAYS APART

  27. Sorghum Midge application timings

  28. Midge Adults

  29. Sorghum Midge Pupal skins

  30. SORGHUM MIDGE MANAGEMENT POINTS • PLANT EARLY TO AVOID POPULATIONS • MONITOR CLOSELY DURING FLOWERING • TREAT WHEN MIDGE POPULATIONS REACH 1 – 2 PER HEAD AND 25-30% OF HEADS ARE FLOWERING • LOSSES USUALLY OCCUR TO LATE CROPS • CHECK FIELDS EVERY 2-5 DAYS WHEN BLOOMING

  31. QUESTIONS?

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