Chapter 11 Developmental Levels and Art

1. Chapter 11Developmental Levels and Art Developmental Levels/Stages of Art Children’s Drawing The Scribble Stage The Basic Forms/Preschematic Stage The Pictorial/Schematic Stage The Gang Stage

2. Stages of Art Development Developmental levels Guide to what children can do in art Not a strict guideline Overlap between stages

3. Art Development Theories Lowenfeld—5 stages Scribbling Preschematic Schematic stage Gang stage Stage of reasoning

4. Art Development Theories (continued) Kellogg—4 stages Scribble stage Combine stage (diagrams) Aggregate stage (two or more diagrams) Pictorial stage—representational art

5. Scribble Stage Generally one to one-and-a-half years Characteristics Random directions Kinesthetic pleasure Pure sensimotor action No planned direction No connection between thought and scribbles

6. Controlled Scribbling—Later Scribble Stage Connection made between motions and marks Characteristics Child controls direction Repeated motions New scribble forms—e.g., zigzags, circles—appear

7. Early Basic Forms Stage Children generally draw an oval or circle Characteristics Children recognize a circle in scribbles and repeat it Developed from circular scribbles May add dots and lines May also include curved line or arc Lines or arc in one direction

8. Later Basic Forms—Rectangle and Square Children generally three to four years old Characteristics Children can draw separate lines of desired length Children can join separate lines Improved motor control and hand-eye coordination

9. The Pictorial/Schematic Stage Children draw for a purpose Characteristics Basic forms perfected First schema—individual pattern, mental structure, highly individual, of emotional importance Forms suggest images that stand for ideas Miscellaneous scribbling left out First symbols—visual representation Visual representations express feelings and ideas

10. The Gang Stage Children ages 9 to 12 Characteristics Concern that things look “right” Concern about lack of ability Children aware of how things look in their drawings More detailed schema Begin to draw horizon line Highly self-critical Work is less spontaneous in appearance