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Mobilization of Resources for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Response

Mobilization of Resources for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Response. A Special Case!. Why a Special Case?. Sources of financing are different . Why a Special Case?. Procedures are also different. Different Sources of Financing. Ministries of Foreign Affairs

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Mobilization of Resources for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Response

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  1. Mobilization of Resources for Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Response A Special Case!

  2. Why a Special Case? Sources of financing are different

  3. Why a Special Case? Procedures are also different

  4. Different Sources of Financing • Ministries of Foreign Affairs • Offices of humanitarian assistance • or other specialized channels

  5. Different Sources of Financing United States • Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA/USAID) • Used to be the single source for emergency assistance and support for prevention/Mitigation/Preparedness (PMP) • A core donor for PAHO: Member of the PHP

  6. USA • Now the US Southern Command (SouthCom) has become a major source of funding and support for preparedness and relief. • Coordination with OFDA ?

  7. Canada Different Sources of Financing: • IHA: International Humanitarian Assistance • Part of CIDA’s multilateral branch … it cannot give funds bilaterally to countries! • Covers disaster prevention to response • A core donor for PAHO: Member of the PHP

  8. UK: DFID/CHAD • CHAD is a specialized branch for refugees, IDP and emergencies of the Department for International Development • A core donor of PAHO: Member of the PHP

  9. European Union Different Sources of Financing: • ECHO: European Community Humanitarian Office • A budget of US$ 0.8 billion! • Requires the signature of a formal “Partnership Agreement” with ECHO • Preference given to European NGOs

  10. Managing ECHO’s funds at country level requires an efficient organization-wide financial monitoring system. ECHO ECU E U

  11. Other examples Different Sources of Financing: • A Secretariat for Humanitarian Affairs • A humanitarian office in Foreign Affairs • The Department of Cooperation for projects on mitigation and preparedness France:

  12. What is the relevance of having different sources of financing? • These funds are not available for other health priorities

  13. Different Procedures • Fortunately, procedures for obtaining funds from these sources are much easier! • In most cases, there is a free format (ECHO used to be the only exception) • Increasingly, LFA is required for preparedness projects, but rarely for emergency assistance projects.

  14. Different Procedures: • The Emergency procedure is informal (a 2 page fax can bring a commitment of half a million dollars) • In cases of emergency: • immediate request (within 24 hours!) • speedy execution (average: 3 months)

  15. How can funds be mobilized in times of emergency? • International appeals • Bilateral requests

  16. Channels for International Appeals Appeals by OCHA • The Situation Reports of OCHA offer the most convenient, speedy and complete approach; • PAHO/WHO is responsible for the health content in OCHA situation reports.

  17. Channels for International Appeals: Appeals by PAHO: • enjoys high credibility abroad; • reaches a smaller but selective number of donors; • requires rapid and coordinated action at all levels

  18. Channels for International Appeals Appeals by WHO (EHA or EMC): • WHO submits the request through the missions in Geneva.

  19. International Appeals The U.N. “consolidated appeal”:A trend encouraged by the donors

  20. Direct Bilateral Request • Requires more work initially, but reduces inappropriate or duplicative assistance • separate requests to each of the donors are preferred • a common diagnosis on the health situation (Ministry, PAHO, NGOs) is helpful...

  21. Embassies are coordinating within the country: • The embassy and the humanitarian office in the donor country’s capital city also talk together: • Donors trust is built by: • pre-disaster technical collaboration with Foreign Affairs • Convening donors meetings

  22. Lessons Learned • The international community did not fully participate in its evaluation • Official reports did not differentiate between damages and emergency requirements Cuba (Hurricane Lily)

  23. Lessons Learned Donors did not wait Requests sent one week after the impact arrived too late ! Nicaragua (Hurricane)

  24. Factors of success • The nature of the disaster and the # of deaths • the coverage of Mass Media • The political status of the bilateral relation • The occurrence of other disaster worldwide

  25. The main ingredients • SPEED • SPEED • SPEED

  26. Conclusions: • More administrative flexibility is required from PAHO and the Countries. It is essential to maintain or strengthen our dexterity and speed in the search for “humanitarian” funds. Turbo-PAHO

  27. SPEEDY REQUEST BUT NOT TOO MUCH! • THE CASE OF NICARAGUA

  28. Conclusions Decentralization by the donors imposes a closer coordination between MoH, Foreign Affairs and PAHO/WHO

  29. Conclusions: Speed AND Coordination are the keywords in the mobilization of humanitarian funds

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