Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 11

1. Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 11 Absoluteness and restriction Particles (tools) of Generality Rational Consort (QAREENAT ALHIKMA) The conditional particles tools of double indication

2. Absoluteness and restriction • MOTLAQ and MOQAYYAD • Respect the neighbor, this sentence is absolute, if the authority wanted to specify the type of the neighbor he would have mentioned it, but since the authority abstained to specify the type of the neighbor by not restricting it with a description, then it is absolute sentence , the obeying person should respect very type neighbor Muslim, non Muslim, rich or poor. This type of sentence is called MOTLAQ or absolute. • But if the commanding person restricts it with a description then the obeying person should act base on the description or the restriction, and this type of sentence is called restricted (MOQAYYAD), such as Respect the Muslim neighbor, so this sentence is restricted with (Muslim).

3. Particles (tools) of Generality • AAM and its particles. The general sentence is as same as the Absolute, with a difference that here the indication of inclusion of all types is indicated by the use of tools, so it is called AAM, and the tool used is called ADAAT ALUMOOM, such as every or all, and in the case of Absoluteness the inclusion of all types is indicated by the absence of any tool. • Respect every neighbor (general or AAM), every is a particle tool of generality. • Indication of Absoluteness is negative • Indication of Generality is affirmative or positive.

4. Rational Consort (QAREENAT ALHIKMA) • If God wants some thing he will mention in his message, and since his message does not contain any clue to any specifics then he is not interested in such specifics. • He is all wise and his wisdom does not allow him to refrain from mentioning some thing he wants, so we can say if he wants us to do he has to mention due to his wisdom, and if he did not inform us then he is not interested in our commitment towards the unrevealed issue.

5. Indication of a plural prefixed with the article (AL) • The Usoolist differed in this issue in to two groups: • One of them considered (AL) a tool which indicates the generality, so the indications of including every type is by the use of tool (AL) or (The). respect scholars, and respect the scholars, so the indicates generality, as respect every scholar. • Others rejected this concept and said that the inclusion of type is indicated negatively with the absence of any tool for generality, and (AL) is not a tool. So respect the scholars is same as respect the scholar.

6. The conditional particles • The particles of SHART (condition) IDHA+ FA, If + Then • This particle does not relate or link the nominal meanings as other particles, but it links two sentences, the sentence or clause of condition and the clause of apodysis (the consequence or the result) . • If the sun sets then break your fast. • Positive indication: Break the fast on sunset. (MANTOOK or spoken or explicit), where the rule is restricted. • Negative indication: DO not break the fast if Sun has not set yet. (MAFHOOM or understood implicit), where the rule does not apply.

7. Some of those sentences with tools of double indication • Particle of duration HATA or until: • (Fast until the sun disappears) , it limits the obligation or the command, and after that limit the command is no more. And by that it also has positive or explicit indication, and the negative or implicit indication. • In the adjective phrase (WASF) the description (Just) could be either restricting the command (BE Generous) or to the (poor), in the sentence of BE GENEROUS TO THE JUST POOR, so if the JUST is a restriction to the (BE) then it has a negative or implicit ruling or indication, and if it is restricting to the poor, then it does not indicate any implicit ruling.