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Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 8

Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 8. A word may have nominal (self) meaning or particular meaning (connecting or linking) Complete/Incomplete sentence Declarative/Exclamatory sentence Linguistic/Conformational Indication. Division of a word in Grammar.

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Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 8

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  1. Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 8 A word may have nominal (self) meaning or particular meaning (connecting or linking) Complete/Incomplete sentence Declarative/Exclamatory sentence Linguistic/Conformational Indication

  2. Division of a word in Grammar • A Noun (ESIM): indicates the meaning of a self or a thing, i.e. Ali, Pen. • A Verb (FE’L): Indicates the existence of an action in a specific time. Eat, eating , ate. • A Particle (HARF) : Which is not a verb and not a noun. In, on, up, to,…

  3. Division of a word in Logic or USOOL • In Logic and Usool we deal with the meanings (MA’NA) • A word may indicate Nominal meaning or Particular meaning. • Nominal meaning: Indicates a self meaning Ali indicates a self. • Particular meaning indicates: A tie or a link or a connection between two or more meanings, so it does not have an independent meaning, but it has linking meaning, which connects the nominal meaning together.

  4. Particular meaning: • Example: The fire is burning in the stove. • (Is) and (in) are HARF or particle in Arabic language, that means it is linking or relating the nominal meanings together in the sentence. • The proof: Without (is) and (in) the words will be scattered, and the nominal meanings will not make any sense( The fire burning the stove). • And with the nominal meanings the particles alone will not make any sense (in) or (is). • So we conclude that the HARF or the Particles have relational or connective meaning, and can not be comprehended without the context.

  5. What about the verb??? • It has two in one issue it is compound of form (shape) and material (substance): For example Is Biting, it is same like cast (clay) and mold, the clay takes the design of the mold, so if a noun (nominal meaning) is kept in the pattern or the mold of (is doing), we will have is biting which is a present tense. • So the verb has both nominal & Particular meaning. A bite = a verbal noun or gerund Has a Nominal meaning Is doing= is a form or a shape Has a linking Or relating meaning

  6. Connection of the nominal meanings form a sentence (JOMLAH) • As mentioned that the verb has a form which has linking meaning, without the form the nominal meanings in the sentence will be scattered, (The boy a bite the cat) and with the form we have all the meanings connected (The boy is biting the cat) This connection between the nominal meanings forms a sentence, which could be complete or incomplete. The connection is formed by the particular meaning which could be formed either by the particles or the forms of the verbs.

  7. Complete/Incomplete sentence • As mentioned a sentence is formed by the links or the connections of the nominal meanings, and this connection or the tie or the link or the relation could be blended (IN DI MAJIYAH) or non-blended (GHAYR INDIMAJIYAH). • Blended or fusional means that all of the nominal meanings have combined and blended together as one meaning, so if you say Ali the Brave as you are saying Ali. • Non-blended or non-fusional means that the nominal meanings have not blended into each other, and are linked with the linking components such as particles or the form of verbs, and without these links the nominal meanings will be scattered. Ali the brave is fighting. • For this the linguistics define a complete sentence is the one where silence is appropriate, and an incomplete sentence is the one which does not accept silence.

  8. Declarative/Exclamatory sentence • The linguistics define the declarative sentence (JOMLAH KHABARIYAH) :It is a sentence which accepts to be true or false. • The Exclamatory or requiring sentence (JOMLAH INSHAA-EYAH does not accept to be true or false. • As mentioned in Logic or Usool the aim is the meanings, and the type of the link in the sentence in this case, the link or the relationship could be in to types: • The relation which exists externally, for example Ali (AS) is Imam, the relation exists he already is Imam. • The relation which has not been existed yet, and it requires to be existed, for example: O Imam Mahdi (AJ) please come. So the link between the requesting person and the requested has not yet existed, that is why it can not accept to be true or false. Unlike the declarative sentence.

  9. Linguistic Indication (TASAWORIYAH) • It was mentioned previously that the word is an indicator to its meaning, and that indication is due to the tie or the mental link between them, by which when ever a word is pictured the minds jumps towards picturing the meaning of the word and this is called the linguistic indication, because the cause of the indication was the linguistic tie which exists between the word and the meaning which was postulated in the language system.

  10. Conformational Indication (TASDIQIYAH) • This type of Dilalah or indication is caused by the state (HAAL) and the intention (ERADA) of the speaker, so based on this there are two levels of this indication: • Intention of usage (Eraada ISTIMAALIYAH), the speaker is awake and aware of what he is speaking. • Serious Intention (Eraada Jidiyah), the speaker is serious and not joking.

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