The Muscular System

1. The Muscular System Support Systems Unit 2

2. Functions of the Muscular System • Heat Production (thermogenesis) • Heat is a byproduct of muscle contraction • Movement Facilitation • Muscles shorten and pull on bones which produces movement • Structure (postural support) • Contraction of muscles keeps us upright and maintains posture

3. Functions cont. • Protection of Internal Organs • Contraction of abdominal muscles causes them to become hard and offers protection to the underlying organs • Other muscles con contract prior to receiving a blow thus protection bones and soft tissue. • Controls the volume of hollow organs • Smooth muscle surrounds our hollow organs and contractions propel the substances through them, aid in their emptying, or helps control their volume • Stomach and small intestines • The bladder • Blood vessels

4. Anterior Skeletal Muscles

5. Posterior Skeletal Muscles

6. Cardiac Muscle • Striated – appears striped under a microscope • Involuntary- no conscious control • Found in the heart

7. Smooth Muscle • Located in walls of hollow internal surfaces such as: • blood vessels - stomach • urinary bladder - intestines • Non-striated in appearance • Involuntary

8. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones • Striated appearance under a microscope • Voluntary control (conscious control)

9. Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System

10. Tendonitis • Characterized by Inflammation of the tendons due to overuse or age-related changes of the tendon. • Common in individuals who begin a new exercise or increase their level of exercise. • Treatment includes: rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE).

11. Strains • A tearing of a muscle or its attaching tendon • Occurs when a muscle receives a stress that overcomes its strength • Sudden, quick heavy lifting • During sports • While performing work tasks

12. Strains cont. 3 types of strains A 1st degree occurs when the muscle is stretched causing micro-tears in the muscle fibers A 2nd degree sprain occurs when the muscle or tendon is partially torn A 3rd degree sprain occurs when the muscle is completely ruptured Signs & symptoms include: Pain, especially when the muscle is contractiong which limits function Swelling Bruising Treatment includes Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

13. Muscle Spasm An involuntary muscle contraction Also called a “Charlie Horse” or “muscle cramp” Main causes are electrolyte imbalances, dehydration and fatigue

14. Muscle Spasm cont. • Initial treatment is to put the muscle that has the spasm on stretch • If spasm persists ice or heat can be used • Prevention incudes maintaining a proper diet, drinking plenty of water and proper conditioning • Sports drinks may be beneficial during exercise to help replace lost sodium due to sweating

15. Muscular Dystrophy An inherited disorder in which the muscles are missing a certain protein causing degeneration of muscle tissue Causes progressive weakness and loss of function of the affected muscles There is no cure but physical therapy can lessen the severity of the disorder.