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Russia: A Brief Political History

Russia: A Brief Political History. AP World History. Overall Characteristics/Themes Visible Throughout Russia History. Invasions and fear of invasion Openness to West – or not Alternating periods of repression and reform Little or no history of democracy. Invasion.

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Russia: A Brief Political History

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  1. Russia: A Brief Political History AP World History

  2. Overall Characteristics/ThemesVisible Throughout Russia History • Invasions and fear of invasion • Openness to West – or not • Alternating periods of repression and reform • Little or no history of democracy

  3. Invasion • 1237-1240 Mongol Invasion: forces of Gengis Khan move from North China to take Moscow. • Russia becomes part of Golden Horde • Tatars: a Turkish people allied with the Mongols

  4. 1240-1480 Mongol/Tatar Rule • Brutal invasion • Russia “hibernated” and missed the Renaissance of Europe • 1480 Ivan III (Ivan the Great) formally renounces Mongol rule over Russia

  5. Early Empire • Ivan III - “gathering of Russian land” • Cossacks (Turkish word = “free men”) - peasants help expand borders • Adopted Byzantine traditions - Third Rome

  6. Ivan the Terrible • Ivan III’s son • Began “assemblies of the land” - groups that informed him of local situations • Mistrusted the Boyars (Russian Nobles). Ivan believed they had poisoned his wife.

  7. Ivan the Terrible • Murdered his own son. • Died with no heir, Russia in disarray“Time of Troubles” • Civil War, Polish invasion ensue

  8. Openness to the West – or not • In 1613, Boyars select Michael Romanov to be Czar • First three Romanovs work to help Russia “catch up” with Europe: • Organized/modernized trade and commerce • Efforts toward education and chronicling histories • Bringing in European artists

  9. Openness to the West • 1689-1725 Tsar Peter the Great • Traveled widely; preference for things Western; • Modernized army, continued expansion • Table of Ranks - allowed movement in government based upon merit • Built Saint Petersburg

  10. Reform, then Repression • 1762-1796 Catherine the Great (tsarina, czarina) • Initially “open” with reforms . . . • French Revolution, rebellion at home led her to become more oppressive

  11. Russian Expansion • Russian empire would stand until 1991 • Orthodox/Catholic rivalry w/ Poland brings acquisition of Ukraine, partition of Poland • In South, take land from Ottomans in Crimean War • In East, Russians displace natives, take Manchuria • Claimed Alaska, visited California, Hawaii

  12. Russian Life • Orthodox Christianity eventually controlled by Tsar. • Mostly agrarian • Tsars created laws that backed land owners

  13. Russian Serfdom • Serfs were Russian farmers that had fallen into debt that they could not repay. • Sold their services to the local noble or landlord. • Over time becomes a system of “slavery”. • Once born a serf, people could not escape.

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