Lesson Seven Pacing Chain of Events Creating a Timeline Criteria for Statehood

1. Lesson Seven Pacing • Chain of Events • Creating a Timeline • Criteria for Statehood

2. Lesson SevenBecoming a State Unit Three: The History of Michigan

3. The BIG Ideas • To become a state, the Michigan Territory needed 60,000 people and a constitution. • Steamboats and the Erie Canal caused more people to move and settle in Michigan. Soon, Michigan had enough people to become a state. • Ohio and Michigan had a conflict over a piece of land known as the Toledo Strip. That disputegot in the way of Michigan becoming a state. • Michigan finally became a state in January of 1837.

4. Why did the population of Michigan grow so slowly at first? • It was hard to get to Michigan. • If you came by water it took a long time and was described and was uncomfortable and often dangerous. • An early survey of Michigan reported that Michigan had a lot of swamps and would not be good for farming. • It was hard work to get a farm started in Michigan.

7. Cause Event Effect cause an action that makes something else happen Example: One cause of population growth in Michigan was the opening of the Erie Canal.

8. Cause Event Effect effect something that results from something else happening Example: One effect of the fur trade in Michigan was that American Indians and the French began to interact.

9. In this lesson we will examine some effects of the slow population growth.

10. Events are Linked Together! A survey said Michigan did not have much good farm land. • Historians not only look for causes and effects of events, but they also look for the ways in which events are linked together. • Many people in the eastern part of the United States were looking for new places to go to start farms. • Do you think these people felt Michigan would be a good place to go. Farmers decided Michigan would not be a good place to move to.

11. Events are Linked Together! A survey said Michigan did not have much good farm land. • What do you think we should write in the third box? • Remember to look for ways the events which will be covered in this lesson are linked together. Farmers decided Michigan would not be a good place to move to. The population of Michigan grew slowly.

12. pioneer a person who goes to a new area to settle Example: Pioneers came to Michigan and cleared the land for farming.

13. The Road to Michigan’s Statehood… • We have learned that Michigan became part of the new country called the United States after the American Revolution. • In its early days, Michigan was not a state, however. • Michigan was part of large territory called the Northwest Territory. • A territory was a huge piece of land owned by the United States.

14. Map One

15. territory what an area of land was called that was not a state Example: In the early 1800s, Michigan was part of the Northwest Territory.

16. It was intended that this large territory would, in time, be divided into smaller territories which would become states of the new country. • We will explore how Michigan became one of these new states through events that happened about two hundred years ago. • To understand these events, we will think like historians and work to answer the questions what, when, who, and how.

17. Creating a Timeline • On a sheet of 12” X 18” piece of white drawing paper Write “The Road to Becoming a State” at the top of the paper. • Draw a wide slightly winding road across the paper. • Throughout the lesson we will be creating a timeline along this road.

18. Model for Timeline

19. Timeline Pieces

20. Early 1834 A census showed that Michigan had more than enough people to become a state. 1813 Lewis Cass was appointed Governor of the Michigan Territory. 1837 Michigan became a state. 1825 The Erie Canal opened. This made it easier and faster for settlers to get to Michigan. 1820 Lewis Cass made a trip around the Michigan Territory. His survey found lots of good farmland. 1831 At age19, Stevens T. Mason became Acting Governor of the Michigan Territory. 1818 Steamboats made it easier and quicker for settlers to get to Michigan. 1805 Michigan became the Michigan Territory. 1835 Michigan voters adopted the state’s first constitution and elected Stevens T. Mason as governor.  Later in 1834 There was a conflict between Michigan and Ohio over the “Toledo Strip.” 1836 The problem between Michigan and Ohio was solved. 1816 An early survey of Michigan was done. A report of the survey said Michigan would not be good for farming.

21. Map Two

22. In 1805, Michigan became its own territory. • Michigan Territory did not include all of the Upper Peninsula. • This will become important later in the lesson. • The map shows Ohio had already become a state. • Once Michigan became a territory, some people were already thinking about how Michigan could become a state like Ohio.

24. What did Michigan need to become a state? • Enough people to become a state. • In order to become a state, a territory needed a certain number of people. This number was 60,000. • In 1805, the population of the Michigan Territory was not even 5000 people. • It was way short of having enough people to become a state. • Glue the “1805” timeline piece to your timeline in the far left side of the ‘road.’

25. Governor: the leader of a territory or state. • Each territory of the United States had a governor who served as leader of the territory. • These governors were appointed by the President of the United States. • In 1813, the President chose Lewis Cass to be the governor of the Michigan Territory. • Governor Cass was determined to help Michigan become a state. • Glue the “1813” timeline piece to your timeline close to the 1805 piece.

26. governor the leader of a territory or state Example: Lewis Cass was governor of the Michigan Territory.

27. Survey: mapping, measuring, and describing an area of land • In the previous lesson, we learned that an early survey of Michigan had been done. • What did this survey show? • The survey report said Michigan had a lot of swamps and little good farmland. • Glue the “1816” timeline piece to your timeline close to the 1805 piece.

28. population   the number of people living in an area Example: The population of Michigan grew slowly at first.

29. survey mapping, measuring, and describing an area of land Example: In the early 1800s not much of Michigan had been surveyed.

30. Steamboats: a boat that is powered by steam instead of sails. • In 1818, the first steamboat arrived at Detroit. • These boats were a big improvement over boats that only had sails. • This marked the beginning of steamboat travel on the Great Lakes. • What effect do you think steamboats had on travel? • Steamboats provided a quicker and more reliable way to travel to the Michigan Territory. • Glue the “1818” timeline piece to your timeline.

32. steamboat a boat that is powered by steam instead of sails Example: People used steamboats to travel to Michigan in the early 1800s.

33. Even though steamboats made it easier to get to the Michigan Territory, people out east were still concerned about what the early survey said about Michigan. • Governor Cass decided to do something about this. • What do you think he did? • Governor Cass made his own survey of Michigan and found that there was plenty of good farmland. • Glue the “1820” timeline piece to your timeline.

34. What effect do you think this new survey had on the population of Michigan? More people living in the east began to move to Michigan because they now believed there was good farmland here.

35. The Erie Canal In 1825 another event would greatly increase the population of Michigan. In 1825 the Erie Canal was opened. This canal connected Lake Erie with the Hudson River in New York. This meant travelers no longer had to take a wagon across New York State to get to Lake Erie. It was 363 miles long. Flat boats were pulled along the canal by horses or mules. The Erie Canal made it much easier and quicker for passengers to get to Michigan. The opening of the Erie Canal led to a large increase in population of the Michigan Territory. Glue the “1825” card to your timeline.

36. canal a human-made river Example: The Erie Canal connected Lake Erie and the Hudson River in New York.

37. Erie Canal Information • The Erie Canal was 363 miles long. That is farther than driving from Detroit to Chicago. (283 miles!) • Flat boats were pulled along the canal by horses or mules. • The Erie Canal made it much easier and quicker for passengers to get to Michigan. • The opening of the Erie Canal led to a large increase in population of the Michigan Territory.

38. The Erie Canal - Map Source: Erie Canal Map. 29 October 2009. http://www.mrnussbaum.com/history/ecanal.gif

39. The Erie Canal - Picture Source: Images of the Erie Canal. 25 July 2005 <http://www.eriecanal.org/images.html>.

40. Stevens T. Mason • After the Erie Canal opened, there was much talk about Michigan becoming a state. • Another governor would now lead Michigan to statehood. • His name was Stevens T. Mason. • Glue the “early 1831” piece to your timeline.

41. Stevens T. Mason Stevens T. Mason was born in Virginia, but grew up in Kentucky. He came to Michigan with his family in 1830. In 1834 Michigan’s territorial governor died. Stevens T. Mason took over as acting governor. Because he was so young, people called him the “Boy Governor.” He did not like this name. Old reports say he once punched someone for calling him this. Despite his young age, he worked hard to help Michigan become a state. He wanted to prove that Michigan had enough people to become a state. He ordered that a census be taken. A census is a counting of people. The census showed Michigan had more than enough people.

42. Stevens T. Mason then helped write Michigan’s first Constitution. A constitution is a written plan for government. Voters accepted the constitution in October of 1835. One month later, Stevens T. Mason became Michigan’s first elected governor. This meant he was voted in by the people of Michigan. Stevens T. Mason In January of 1837, Michigan finally became a state. Stevens T. Mason had met his goal! He continued to serve as governor for two more years. As governor of the new state, he helped create a school system. In 1840 he moved to New York City with his new wife. He died there when he was only 31 years of age. Stevens T. Mason

43. Census: a counting of the people living in an area • Governor Mason ordered a census, or a counting of the people living in an area. • This showed about 85,000 people lived in Michigan, far more than the 60,000 required to become a state. • Glue the “early 1834” timeline piece to your timeline.

45. census a counting of the people living in an area Example: The first census of Michigan was done in 1820.

46. It looked like Michigan was ready to become a state. • However, one problem stood in the way, a fairly small piece of land called the “Toledo Strip.” • The Toledo Strip was an area of land at the mouth of the Maumee River near what is now Toledo, Ohio. • Both Michigan and Ohio claimed the land. • The area was seen as valuable because it could be connected by rivers and canals to the Ohio River, which flowed to the Mississippi River. • The U.S. Congress said Michigan could not be a state until the disagreement over the Toledo Strip was resolved. • Glue the “Later in 1834” piece to your timeline.

47. The Toledo Strip Problem Source: Toledo Strip Map. 23 November 2009 <http://www.hal.state.mi.us/mhc/museum/explore/museums/hismus/prehist/settling/images/maptole.gif>.

48. What did Michigan need to become a state? • Enough people to become a state. • 2. A solution to the Toledo Strip problem.

49. Constitution: a written plan of government • While the conflict between Michigan and Ohio continued, Governor Mason decided to complete another requirement for statehood, the writing of a state Constitution. • A constitution is a written plan for government. • A new state would need a constitution so that it could choose leaders and make laws. • Glue the ‘1835’ timeline piece to your timeline.

50. constitution a written plan of government Example: The people of the Michigan Territory needed to write a constitution in order to become a state.