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Ancient Civilizations: Key Features and Rise of Society

Learn about the essential elements that shaped ancient civilizations around 5,000 years ago, from city-states and central governments to religion, writing systems, job specialization, and social classes. Discover the art and architecture that reflected their beliefs and values.

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Ancient Civilizations: Key Features and Rise of Society

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  1. Features of Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Agosta

  2. Rise of Civilization READ! DON’T WRITE! About 5,000 years ago, the first civilizations began to develop along river valleys. • The rich, fertile farmlands of river valleys helped these civilizations to thrive.

  3. 1. Cities • Cities emerged as farmers produced surplus (extra) food. • Agriculture (farming) increased population MORE FOOD=MORE PEOPLE

  4. Irrigation Moving water from its source to farm

  5. City-state A city and the surrounding area

  6. 2. Central Government • Gov’ts ensured the food supply and protection. • A bureaucracy is a system of managing gov’t through departments run by officials

  7. Empire When a single authority rules many territories or nations

  8. 3. Public Works • Rulers built things all people could use. • Ex: roads, bridges, and defensive walls

  9. 4. Religion • Ancient people were polytheistic, believing in many gods. • Cities had temples and priests to gain the favor of gods through rituals to ensure plentiful crops.

  10. 5. Writing Systems • Scribes (trained writers) kept needed records. • Documents for tax collections, laws, and the storage of grain. • Pictograms (picture writing) Cuneiform (wedge-shaped writing) was invented around 3000 B.C. by the Sumerians.

  11. 6. Job Specialization • People specialized in certain jobs. No one person could master all skills. • Artisan- skilled craftworker

  12. 7. Social Classes • People became ranked in classes according to their job. • Hierarchy- a system of ranks

  13. 8. Art and Architecture • These were expressions of beliefs and values • Buildings showed religion and strength in gov’t.

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