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IS 376 Rapid Changes: Issues and Effects

IS 376 Rapid Changes: Issues and Effects. Dr. Musonda Kapatamoyo 08/22/13. Technology. For this class: Anything electronic or derived from / created by technology. Paradigm Shifts: Ideas or developments that completely do something new, novel, and changes the way we do things.

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IS 376 Rapid Changes: Issues and Effects

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  1. IS 376Rapid Changes: Issues and Effects Dr. MusondaKapatamoyo 08/22/13

  2. Technology • For this class: • Anything electronic or derived from / created by technology. • Paradigm Shifts: • Ideas or developments that completely do something new, novel, and changes the way we do things. • Inspiration: • “One-tenth inspiration and nine-tenths perspiration”

  3. Computers- Now • Contemporary state of computers: • Invisibility, integratedness and embeddedness into a variety of real-life situations. • High degree of connectivity. • Cheap and miniaturized. • Applied to everything.

  4. What is Information Technology? • IT (or Information and Communication Technology (ICT) or Information Systems (IS)) is used as an umbrella term to refer to all technological applications or systems that concern the • creation, • storage, • collection, • manipulation, • management, • protection, • transport, and • retrieval of information. • Examples of Information include: animations, text, audio or video, etc.

  5. Why Study IT & Society? • IT (or any technology for that matter) is not an isolated sector in society. • Has direct impact on society • Shapes the course of human history. • That’s why we need input from disparate disciplines. • IT attracts some of the most talented individuals in a variety of disciplines on college campuses today. • (YOU) They are the future of our increasingly technology-oriented society.

  6. Information Revolution • Rapid technological shifts started in the second half of the 20th century. Some of its characteristics are: • Production focus has shifted from goods to services & information. • Creation, distribution and consumption of information have become the dominating activities in society. • Computers are the key tools (digitization of information). • Growth and domination of the information (new) economy. • The hallmarks of the information revolution are the personal computers, tablets, Smartphones and the almighty Internet.

  7. Past Eras • Agrarian Revolution • Shift from hunter-gatherer to settled agriculturalism • Started in the Neolithic Age (10,000 B.C.) • Staple source of crops was from subsistence farming • Domestication of animals • 1st Industrial Revolution • Started in the 18th century in England; Urbanization • Replacement of manual labor by machines • Most important invention = steam engine • Leading field was textile manufacturing • 2nd Industrial Revolution • From end of the 19th century • Most important inventions = internal combustion engine and the development of electrical power generation • Leading industries are automobiles, chemicals & electrical engineering. • Multi-national corporations become powerful agents of change • Consumerism and mass culture (this was huge, when poor people could afford more things).

  8. Post-Industrial Society • The dramatic rise in the service sector and the decline of the manufacturing sector in the information age has led some to call it the post-industrial society • Information, knowledge and creativityare the key raw materials of the post-industrial society • Prominent role of science and engineering in society • Elevated importance of the technological intelligentsia (Nerds rule!)

  9. What’s Next? • What we are seeing lately on the horizon is the start of what some scholars call the second information revolution. • That will be the center of technological innovation for the next several years. • Also called Web 2.0 • While the first information revolution greatly expanded the amount of information in society, the second information revolution focuses on easy access to high-quality and highly customized information to users anytime, anywhere, and in a manner of the user’s preference. • Key terms include: cloud computing, wikis, file sharing, social everything, etc.

  10. Trajectory • The bursting of the dot-com bubble in the fall of 2001 marked a turning point for the Web. • Many people thought the Web was overhyped in the first place. • The business model (ownership, authorship and upgrades) is fluid: • For example: Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than just retrieve information.

  11. Web 1.0 Vs Web 2.0 • Web 1.0 referred to static web pages that provided information, supported by the use of e-mail as a means of communication. • Some referred to Web 1.0 as the “read-only” web. • Web 2.0 (the “read-write” web) refers to how the Internet is used as a platform to create social networks and online communities, as well as online services and interactivity.

  12. Web 1.0 Vs Web 2.0 • In a Web 1.0 environment only technically savvy individuals could author (create) content, but Web 2.0 makes it easier for anybody to contribute and participate in creating content on the internet without having any web design or technical skills. • Web 2.0 is therefore characterized by sharing, discussion and collaboration. • New terminology that presents this phenomenon are Social Software, Social Media and Social Computing. The key word is 'Social'!

  13. Collective Intelligence • Web 2.0 era businesses harness the collective intelligence of people through: • Hyperlinking • Portal • Organic growth • Critical mass (users and buyers) • User engagement • Trust in content creation (e.g., Wikipedia) • Folksonomy (using collaborative categorization of key words, tagging) • Viral marketing

  14. Blogging & The Wisdom of Crowds • Web 2.0 turns the Internet into a Global Brain. • Live Web or Incremental Web drive Rich Site Summary (RSS), known informally as “Really Simple Syndication”. • RSS is now used to push all sorts of information like stock quotes, weather data, photo availability and online stories.

  15. Data Ownership • Who owns the data? • In Web 2.0 environment, companies who control data are the success stories (or powerful – see NSA). For example: • MapQuest • Google • Amazon.com • eBay • Facebook

  16. New Developments Social Networking: • First online social networking site was www.classmates.com in 1995; • Myspace, founded in 2003, had roughly 100 million member profiles by 2006 and waned after that; • In January, Redditreported over 2 billion page views and over 34 million unique visitors; • Facebook was started at Harvard as an online version of student directories • Had one of the biggest IPOs

  17. New Developments (cont.) Collaboration: • Wikipedia, the online, collaborative encyclopedia • Open Directory Project (ODP) • Collaboration between scientists/businesses in different states or countries • Watchdogs on the Web

  18. New Developments (cont.) E-commerce and Free Stuff: • Free stuff on the web: email, books, newspapers, games, etc. • Retail and commerce; • Entertainment: TV show episodes are available to view on the Web, Hulu, Netflix, etc.

  19. New Developments (cont.) Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, and Motion: • AI suited to narrow, specialized skills. • Robotic devices, often special-purpose devices, may require AI to function. • Motion sensing devices are used to give robots the ability to walk, trigger airbags in a crash and cushion laptops when dropped.

  20. New Developments (cont.) Tools for Disabled People: • Restoration of abilities, productivity and independence • Screen readers and scanners • Speech recognition • Prosthetics and motion sensors

  21. New Developments (cont.) What’s Next? • Medical records on chips attached to medical bracelets or embedded under the skin. • Biological and computer sciences will combine new ways to insert micro-processors or controlled devices on human bodies

  22. Issues and Themes Important issues: • Unemployment • Alienation and customer service • Crime • Loss of privacy • Errors

  23. Issues and Themes (cont.) Important themes: • Old problems in a new context, new packaging: • Crime • Pornography • Violent fiction • Adapting to new technology: • Thinking in a new way • Folksonomy, etc. • Varied sources of solutions to problems: • Natural part of change and life • Global brain unleashed

  24. Issues and Themes (cont.) • Global reach of net: • Ease of communication with distant countries • Trade-offs and controversy: • Increasing security means reducing convenience for individuals and whole societies. • Blurred Lines (Robin Thicke, Pharrell and T.I.) • Between personal choices, business policies, and law

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