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RISK BASED SAFETYDISTANCES FOR HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS

This report outlines the history, calculations, and conclusions of determining safety distances for hydrogen refueling stations in the Netherlands, based on a risk-based approach. It covers the background, methodologies, and results obtained through analyzing various scenarios and factors. The findings are crucial for establishing safety protocols and guidelines for hydrogen infrastructure development in the country.

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RISK BASED SAFETYDISTANCES FOR HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS

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  1. RISK BASED SAFETYDISTANCES FOR HYDROGEN REFUELING STATIONS Calculations in the Netherlands By: ir. Piet Timmers Ing. GeaStam

  2. Contents History and project outline Calculating Safety Distances for HRS Results Conclusions

  3. History and project outline • 2006: ‘Safety distances for hydrogen filling stations’Matthijsen, Kooi, J. of Loss Prevention in the Process Ind. • 2010: ‘Dutch practical guideline’ (NPR 8099) • 2015: PGS35: ‘Hydrogen; installations for delivery of hydrogen to road vehicles’. • 2014: European Directive for deployment of alternative fuel infrastructure (2014/94/EU) appropriate number of hydrogen refueling points. • 2014: “Dutch vision on a Sustainable Fuel Mix” • Intention Dutch Government: >20 public HRS in 2020

  4. History and project outline

  5. Calculating safety distances for HRS • 3rd Party Risk: Risk Based approach. • Rules: “Reference Manual Bevi Risk Assessments” • Locationspecific risk limit = 10-6 per year • Societal risk: indicative limit:

  6. Calculating safety distances for HRS (assumptions) • Calculations based on 1000 kg hydrogen per day • For composite hoses a factor 10 lower failure rate is assumed for scenario ‘breaking of the hose’ (compared to Reference Manual) • 2 buffer storages for delivery are present: • one 440 bar (40 kg) • one 950 bar (20 kg) • Probability of direct ignition is 1 for release of gaseous hydrogen • Probability of direct ignition is 0.9 for release of liquid hydrogen • Weather conditions: mean value for the Netherlands • Discussion: Failure probability of automatic ESD: • Reference Manual: probability 0.001 per use, reaction time 120s • Advisory Board: probability 0.01 per use, reaction time 5s • All calculations done with SAFETI-NL 6.7

  7. Calculating safety distances for HRS (steps) • Define all scenario’s that are relevant • Reference Manual defines the ‘General failure frequency’ • Define relevant factors like fraction per year available or length of pipelines • Calculate the actual failure frequency per year • Calculate the Risk Safety Distances

  8. Calculating safety distances for HRS (steps)

  9. Results

  10. Results

  11. Results

  12. Conclusions • safety distances, based on PR 10-6 contour, for a HRS (1000 kg per day), is around 35 m. • However, large effect distance (1200m) for inst. release of tank car liquid hydrogen. • Scenario with large effect distance has low frequency (3.5·10-8 per year) so doesn’t contribute significant to safety distance. • Results are used by Dutch Government for prescription of a fixed set of safety distances for HRS. For supply of liquid hydrogen further research is anticipated.

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