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Understanding Mental Disorders: Insights from Disease, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Models

Explore the origins, symptoms, and treatment approaches of common mental disorders like schizophrenia, depression, and personality disorders through disease, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and social models.

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Understanding Mental Disorders: Insights from Disease, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Models

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  1. Mental disorder An introduction John Crichton Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist

  2. How can Mental Disorder be understood? • Disease model • Psychodynamic • Behavioural • Cognitive • Social

  3. Disease Model • Akin to the rest of medicine • The phenomenological approach • description of syndrome • identification of pathological processes • natural history of the syndrome • treatment

  4. Standard diagnostic manuals

  5. Psychodynamic model • Origins with Freud • importance of early experience and unconscious processes • use of free association in therapy • aim for insight and change

  6. Behavioural Model • Origins in animal experiments • rewarded behaviour reinforced • phobias

  7. Cognitive model • Automatic thoughts or ways of thinking • hopelessness guilt and worthlessness • catastrophising

  8. Social Model • Means two different things • social factors in disease • sociology of deviance • labelling - Rosenhan • antipsychiatry

  9. Dementia • Global progressive deterioration of function - memory intellect personality • an organic disorder • 5% over 65; 10% over 80 • F:M 2:1

  10. Schizophrenia • Major mental illness • Characterised by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions • Also negative symptoms • 1% of the population • Controlled by antipsychotic medication

  11. Manic-Depression • Characterised by periods of elated mood and depressed mood with psychotic symptoms • 1% of the population • Controlled by mood stabilisers

  12. Depression • Can be part of manic depression or psychotic depression. Most commonly not characterised by psychosis. • Low mood, biological symptoms, cognitive symptoms • Prevalence 5-30% • Twice as common in women

  13. Personality Disorder • An individual’s characteristic way of behaving and feeling in a variety of situations consistently through adulthood. • May at its extremes cause subjective distress and social problems. • Various types

  14. Other conditions • Eating disorders • Substance misuse • Learning disability • ADHD • Autistic spectrum disorder • Head injury • Gender dysphoria • PTSD

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