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Loudspeakers

Loudspeakers. Assignment #1 Ece 5320 Mechatronics By Clint Ellis. Outline. References Major Applications Basics. References. Rossing, T. (2002) The Science of Sound. San Francisco:Addison Wesley The Speaker Building Page, 06 Mar 2004 http://www.speakerbuilding.com/

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Loudspeakers

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  1. Loudspeakers Assignment #1 Ece 5320 Mechatronics By Clint Ellis

  2. Outline • References • Major Applications • Basics

  3. References • Rossing, T. (2002) The Science of Sound. San Francisco:Addison Wesley • The Speaker Building Page, 06 Mar 2004 http://www.speakerbuilding.com/ • Moy, Chu Notes on DIY Electrostatic Headphones http://headwize2.powerpill.org/projects/showproj.php?file=cmoy3_prj.htm

  4. Major Applications • Noise elimination • Sound reproduction • Sound amplification

  5. Loudspeaker Types • Electrostatic Speakers • Similar to a condenser microphone design • Air-motion Transformers • Diaphragm ran • Ribbon Speakers • Similar to a Ribbon microphone design • Planar Speakers • Flat shape but inefficient • Cylindrical Radiators • Used in stereophonic systems

  6. Magnet types • The three main types of magnets used in speaker construction Figure from “The Science of Sound” Rossing From left to right: A slug magnet, ring magnet, “W” magnet

  7. Electomagnetic Speaker Structor • The left side is an exploded view of the construction of a speaker • The right is the view of the magnet and voice coil structors Figure from “The Science of Sound” Rossing

  8. tweeter horn types • A straight horn • A folded horn Figure from “The Science of Sound” Rossing

  9. Tweeter types • A cone type tweeter • A diffraction horn • Multicellular horn • Dome tweeter Figure from “The Science of sound” Rossing

  10. Low-Frequency horn design • Left is sectional top view of design • Right is the sectional side view Figure from “The Science of Sound” Rossing

  11. Equivalent Circuit for a Loudspeaker • R2 represents the drivers suspension loss • R3 represents the internal energy absorption • C1 represents the compliance of the driver suspension • C2 represents the compliance of the air in the enclosure • L1 represents the mass of the speaker cone, voice coil and air load

  12. Electrostatic Speakers Advantages: 1. Smooth response at high frequency2. Can be small (as in headphone assembly)3. Cheaply manufactured Disadvantages: 1. Inefficient at low frequencies2. High input impedance

  13. Planar Speakers Advantages: 1. Flat space saving design2. Can be constructed as both magnetic and electrostatic Disadvantages: 1. Inefficient at all frequencies2. Hard to find due to unpopularity

  14. Cylindrical Radiators Advantages: 1. Radiate equally in all directions 2. Can be placed anywhere in a room Disadvantages: 1. Interference effects distort when used in stereophonic systems

  15. Ribbon Speakers Advantages: 1. Clear mid and high frequency 2. Easy construction Disadvantages: 1. Bidirectionallity causes sound cancellation2. Weak low frequency because of bidirectionallity

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