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Chapter 7 LIMA Case Study: Factors Affecting Research and the Development of New Products

Chapter 7 LIMA Case Study: Factors Affecting Research and the Development of New Products. How human charactersitics, practitioners’ habits and health care system regulations affet the research and development of medical devices. Introduction (Pendahuluan).

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Chapter 7 LIMA Case Study: Factors Affecting Research and the Development of New Products

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  1. Chapter 7LIMA Case Study:Factors Affecting Research and the Development of New Products How human charactersitics, practitioners’ habits and health care system regulations affet the research and development of medical devices.

  2. Introduction (Pendahuluan) • Inovasi teknologi adalah hasil dari proses spesifik yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan utama: Riset dan Pengembangan; Industrialisasi; dan Pemasaran. • Fase Riset dan Pengembangan (R&D) dibagi menjadi dua inti aktivitas utama: • Aktivitas Riset: yakni kajian, analisis dan penjelasan yang ditujukan untuk ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang lebih luas dan lebih tajam; tujuannya adalah untuk mengembangkan dan merealisasi produk dan proses industri baru. • Aktivitas Pengembangan, yang memiliki tujuan ekonomi dan komersial spesifik

  3. DRAWBACKS TO THE R&D INTERNATIONALSIZATION PROCESS The reasons that may persuade an enterprise to maintain its R&D activities: • The need to guarantee the minimum risk of discharge of technological knowledge; • The presence of economies of scale in R&D and the need to attain critical mass in research activities, which is easier to accomplish in the country of origin; • The presene of technological advantages in the country of origin due to an easier relationship with users and customers; • The increase in the cost and complexity of the communication, coordination and control of international research activities dispersed in many country.

  4. THE DRIVERS OF R&D INTERNATIONALIZATION • Pull Factors, elements that facilitate the internationalization of some phase of the R&D process; • Push Factors, factors that produce the need for this phenomenon.

  5. PULL FACTORS • The development and diffusion of the ICT; • The improvement of host countries’ business environment; • The protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs); • International cooperation policies.

  6. PUSH FACTORS • The cost factor; • The time factor; • The nature and the intrinsic characteristics of the technological innovation process; • The lack of resources for R&D activities in the domestic market; • The dispersion of clientele; • Product adaptation to enter into new markets; • Political factors; • Competitive factors.

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