Projects and Initiatives at the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC)

1. Projects and Initiatives at the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) Presented By: Christopher N. Dunn, P.E., Director Hydrologic Engineering Center Institute for Water Resources For: Northern California AWRA, Sacramento CA 10 March 2009

2. Corps Water Resources Divisions & Districts North Atlantic Division Seattle Alaska Great Lakes & Ohio River Division Walla Walla New England Northwestern Division Portland St. Paul Buffalo Detroit New York Balti- more Rock Island Philadelphia Pitts- burgh Chicago South Pacific Division Omaha Sacramento Hunting- ton San Francisco Cincinnati St. Louis Norfolk Kansas City Louisville Nashville Wilmington Little Rock Tulsa Los Angeles Memphis Southwestern Division Charleston Albuquerque Atlanta Vicks- burg Savannah Honolulu Ft. Worth Mobile Jacksonville Dallas Pacific Ocean Division South Atlantic Division New Orleans Mississippi Valley Division Galveston LEGEND: Division HQ location District HQ location Division boundary District boundary State boundary

3. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Key Mission Areas Water Resources R & D • Watershed Hydrology • Riverine Hydraulics • Estuary-Coastal Hydraulics • Socio-Economic • Geospatial • Environment • DOD, Federal • State & Local • International Civil Works Interagency Support • Primary Water Resources Missions - Navigation, Flood Damage Reduction & Shore Protection, and Environmental Restoration • Allied Water Resources Purposes – Recreation, Water Supply, F&W, Hydropower • Disaster Response • Regulatory

4. Corps of Engineers Organization HQUSACE Major Subordinate Commands Or Divisions Institute for Water Resources (FOA) Pacific Ocean Division South Pacific Division Mississippi Valley Division North Atlantic Division South Atlantic Division Gulf Region Division Great Lakes and Ohio River Division Southwestern Division Northwestern Division Kansas City Fort Worth Albuquerque Charleston Alaska Vicksburg Baltimore Central Baghdad Omaha Buffalo Galveston Jacksonville Honolulu Memphis NewEngland Sacramento North Mosul Portland Chicago Little Rock Mobile FarEast NewYork NewOrleans Los Angeles Detroit Tulsa Seattle South Basrah Savannah Japan St Paul Norfolk San Francisco WallaWalla Huntington Wilmington Rock Island Philadelphia Louisville Europe St Louis Engineer Research and Development Center - 7 Labs Nashville Civil Works District Offices Humphreys Engineer Center Support Activity (FOA) Pittsburgh Military Districts Marine Design Center (FOA) Finance Center (FOA) 249th Prime Power Battalion TransAtlantic Programs Center Huntsville Engineering and Support Center Afghanistan Engineer District

5. Technical Assistance Research Training and Software Support Software Development Institute for Water Resources – Hydrologic Engineering Center Center of expertise in hydrologic engineering and planning analysis executing a balanced program of technical assistance, research, software development, training and special studies. Located in Davis, California. Organization within the Institute for Water Resources.

6. Hydrologic Engineering Center • Support office within USACE Institute for Water Resources. • USACE Center of Expertise for Hydrologic Engineering and Planning Assistance. • 33 full-time professionals; hydraulic engineers, a few computer specialists, mostly MS degrees, a few Ph.Ds. • 15 additional staff; IWR employees, UCD students, admin staff. • Primarily support USACE; some other Federal agencies; occasional international assistance; increasing number of MoU’s; visiting scholars – U.S. and international.

7. Brief History, Origin HEC • Created by HQUSACE initiative in 1964. • Principals: HQUSACE H&H, SPK Engineering Division. • Imminent retirements of WWII veterans. • Institutionalize ‘hydrologic engineering’ – critical skill. • 1964 – Branch within SPK Engineering Division. • 1965 – Division within SPK (under Commander). • 1971 – Organization assigned to SPD Commander. • 1978 – Briefly FOA reporting to Director of Civil Works, then assigned to the Water Resources Support Center, a new FOA reporting to Director of Civil Works (CECW). • 2000 – Assigned to Institute for Water Resources, an FOA/support office reporting to CECW.

8. HEC Basic Precepts‘HEC Business Model’ • HEC exists to help the Corps perform it’s CW mission in a world-class manner. • The work of the Corps is performed at the field office level. • HEC products and services are for field use and application. • HEC is a wholly owned (by CECW) small business with primary customer base being the field offices; to lesser extent, HQUSACE, Labs, other Corps and Army elements, and other agencies/partners.

9. Water Management Systems Water Resource Systems H&H Technology (Chief: Tom Evans) (Chief: Mike Deering) (Chief: Jeff Harris) HEC IT Mgmt./Web Real-time Data CWMS System H&H Forecasting Reservoir Regulation Software Engr. Training Admin. Reservoir Systems System Optimization Flood Damage Anal. Risk Analysis. Env./Watershed St. Research Admin. Surface & GW Hyd. River Hydraulics Erosion/Sed. Trans. Hydrologic Statistics Drought/low Flow HEC Divisions/Responsibilities

10. Typical Products/Projects • H&H and planning analysis software: new models/GIS utilities versions; new software. • Real-time water control: Modernized Corps Water Management System: Corps-wide deployment completed; now supporting and improving. • Studies/support: Katrina Support; Ft. Worth Flood Warning model; Great Lakes Study; NWS Forecasting Model for Joint Operations; Bill Williams River Restoration; Sac/SJ Comp Study; Sac River Risk Analysis; Tooele & Ft. Huachuca groundwater; Ohio River WSP modeling; Sonoma County Water Agency; ACT-ACF, FEMA Map Modernization, Iraq water management, Afghanistan, South Florida Water Management District; Tampa Bay Water; LCRA; Bulletin 17B; Levee Certification; Dam Safety. • Training: Average – 10 courses, 6 workshops; publications, video tapes, software support, Web dissemination.

11. HEC Software Activities • Complete product line for hydrologic engineering in HEC library. • Solve problems in a general manner for use everywhere. • Hydrologic Statistics with SSP • Watershed hydrology with HMS & GeoHMS. • River hydraulics with RAS & GeoRAS. • Reservoir Analysis with ResSim. • Flood damage analysis with FDA and FIA. • Software Integration with CWMS, DSSVue. • Ecosystem Functions with EFM • Watershed Analysis with WAT

12. Hydrologic Statistical Software Package HEC-SSP Version 1.0 • Develop statistical analysis software that supports hydrologic studies. This software will perform frequency analysis, regional regression, coincident frequency analysis, duration analysis, etc….

13. Hydrologic Modeling System, HEC-HMS, Version 3.3 • Computes streamflow throughout a river basin given precipitation and watershed characteristics. • Event and continuous simulation, multiple routing/ runoff methods, grid precip., losses & runoff, snowmelt, coeff. estimation, dam break, powerful GUI. • GeoHMS GIS utility for watersheds/sub-watersheds, runoff parameters. ArcGIS 8.X version underway.

14. Surface Water EnhancementsHEC-HMS - Version 3.3 Sediment Washoff (lumped area & gridded washoff) Water quality simulation thru NSM Surface Washoff Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorous Fecal Coliform Reservoir Features Spillway Options Dam Face Seepage Specified Release Evaporation

15. GeoHMS Preprocessor to HMS Inputs DEM Gage Locations HUC RF1 Others Products 1. Lumped Basin Model 2. Cell Parameter File 3. Distributed Basin Model 4. Background Map File 5. Physical Characteristics of Streams and Watershed Tables GeoHMS HMS

16. Flow Water depth? HEC-RAS, River AnalysisVersion 4.0 • 1-Dimensional hydraulics program • Computes river velocities, stages, profiles, and inundated areas (with GeoRAS) given streamflow and geometry. • Steady and Unsteady Flow

17. River AnalysisEnhancementsHEC-RAS -Version 4.0Software to analyze steady and unsteady flow, sediment transport & WQ 1D sediment transport (movable bed calculations through scour and deposition). Pump Stations Compute Ungaged Flow from Gaged Data Interfacing RAS with 2D ADH Automating Manning’s n value for calibration Water temperature modeling to HEC-RAS Water quality constituents to the HEC-RAS analysis process by incorporating the water quality computations of QUAL-RIV1

18. Pre-processor for generating geometric data for HEC-RAS Post-processor for mapping and displaying results from hydraulic simulations HEC-GeoRAS

19. Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction for HEC-RAS Develop a coupled model that will support improved representation of water exchange where groundwater interaction is a significant component of channel flow, and provide a more complete accounting of water storage in groundwater and channels. 1. Evaluation of OpenMI non-proprietary software used for coupling models at the time-step level. 2. Algorithm for computing water exchange between HEC-RAS and MODFLOW. 3. Mapping of stream on groundwater model grid. 4. Temporal issues. 5. Spatial issues. 6. User Interface.

20. Reservoir System AnalysisHEC-ResSimVersion 3.0 Simulates reservoir operations for flood management, low flow augmentation and water supply for planning studies, detailed reservoir regulation plan investigations, and real-time decision support New features include pump-back storage, multi-reservoir system operation to meet power generation goals and capability to utilize Ensemble Streamflow Predictions from the NWS.

21. Reservoir Water Quality EnhancementsHEC-ResSim & CE-QUAL-W2 Demand for water quality and temperature modeling for real-time and planning analyses Looking to link both models thru OpenMI (Open Model Interface) rather than fund a major development effort Will provide in and downstream of the reservoir Temperatures Dissolved Oxygen Other conservative constituents Variable gate settings

22. Flood Risk Management ToolsHEC-FDA Version 1.2.4/HEC-FIA Develop software to perform flood risk management analyses; project benefit analysis including loss-of-life consequences; evaluate flood risk management measures using risk and uncertainty and including systems approach and GIS capability. Improve planning capability by: enabling multi-purpose formulation, tradeoff analysis, promoting Collaborative Planning and NED/NER formulation.

23. Flood Damage Reduction Analysis HEC-FDA,Version 1.2.4 • Plan Evaluation and Plan Formulation Tool • Helps answer the question "Which proposed flood damage reduction plan is the best from an economic standpoint?" • evaluate the existing condition • analyze alternative damage reduction plans • Compare plans using Expected Annual Damage and damage reduction benefits • Since 1996, use risk analysis procedures

24. Event Damages with HEC FIA - Flow Impact Analysis Computes damages to structures and other contents of the floodplain (including agricultural and environmental) given river stages & damage relationships.

25. Goals for HEC-FRM (Flood Risk Management) • Systems approach for assessing risks in complex, interdependent systems • Incorporation of social and environmental consequences • Tools for levee assessment and certification • Effective risk communication • New computational methodology

26. HEC-EFM Ecosystems Functions Model – Version 1.0 • Planning tool for flow regime change. • Reservoir/regulation change, diversions, remove/set back levee, reconfigure channel. • Impact on terrestrial and aquatic habitat. • Change direction/magnitude - biologic impact. • Team use: biologists, geomorphologists, hydraulic engineers, environmental managers. • Premise: hydrologic/hydraulic data can help predict biologic response. Spawning Habitat Cottonwood Recruitment

27. Floodplain Spawning Habitat - With Project • With Project • Increased flow and stage • Without Project • Flow is 14,800-cfs • Stage is 15.67-ft

28. Corps Water Management System CWMS is the data acquisition, management, modeling and decision support system that supports the Corps in its water management mission of regulating more than 700 dam and reservoir projects. CWMS is a nationwide integrated system of hardware, software, and other resources that acquires, analyzes, and stores data; develops decision support information; and allows user access to any data and information on the system.

29. Streamgages Real-Time Weather Radars Fully Integrated Hydrologic Models Inundation Forecasts Operational decisions Corps Water Management System(CWMS) • Improved Real-Time Water Management Decision Support for over 700 Multipurpose Reservoirs, Control Structures and Thousands of miles of Levees. • An integrated suite of real-time water resources software • Standard Corporate Centrally Supported Hardware/Software. • From 40 Existing Unique Systems to one CWMS.

30. Modeling Storage (HEC-ResSim) Hydrology (HEC-HMS) Damages (HEC-FIA) Hydraulics (HEC-RAS) CWMS Watershed Modeling

31. Watershed Analysis Tool (HEC-WAT) Create a product that will improve the coordination, communication, and productivity of a Project Delivery Team throughout a project study by involving modelers early in the study process, allowing data and results to be shared across models, and visualizing model parameters and results, all using a shared and intuitive interface.

32. Environmental Hydrology Reservoir Flood Damage Hydraulics

33. HEC-WAT Model Integration Integrate model and tools used during the analytical process Hydrology - HEC-HMS & GeoHMS - Done Reservoir Operations - HEC-ResSim - Done Hydraulics - HEC-RAS & GeoRAS - Done Economics - HEC-FIA - Done Statistical – HEC-SSP – Done Data – HEC-DSSVue – Done Environmental - HEC-EFM – Done Future Additions – HEC-FDA, RiverWare …

34. Result Comparison in the WAT

35. Typical Project Work:Sacramento and San Joaquin Comprehensive Study • Hydrologic Modeling • Watershed Impact Analysis • HEC-FDA Technical Assistance • HEC-FIA Model Development • Risk Communication and Mapping • Conjunctive Use • Ecosystem Functions Model (EFM)

36. Hydrologic Modeling Sacramento River Basin San Joaquin River/Tulare Lake Bed Basins Sacramento Basin 27,000 Sq. Mi. San Joaquin River & Tulare Lake Bed Basins 32,000 Sq. Mi. 33 HEC-HMS models

37. Conjunctive Use for Flood Benefits • Determine if flood benefits from employing Conjunctive Use practices outweigh the costs • Increase system storage capacity by including depleted groundwater aquifers • Shift existing water supply to aquifers in order to increase flood storage reservation in surface reservoirs

38. Spillway Adequacy for Dam Safety Use design storms to model extreme events

39. Assistance to Iraq Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) • Training and collaborative water management system model creation. • Model expansion and refinement. • Baseline flow data preparation and coding. • Unimpaired, current, and a projected future. • Gauging technology advice and demo. • On-site training – model, water management, gauging system restoration.

41. The Helmand Valley - Afghanistan • Drainage area • 160,000 km2 • 31% of country • Helmand River • AY~14 Billion m3 • Kajakai Reservoir

42. Flood Warning and Response System • Provide a Flood Warning and Response System to communities along river systems • Provide accurate and timely warnings • Maximize response time (County Emergency Management Agencies and Floodplain Residents) • Use stage/elevation-based flood inundation mapping • Evacuation & flood warning plan formulation tool • Damage estimates (expedite disaster assistance) • Educate the public on flood hazard • Two Major Applications • Susquehanna River and San Antonio River

43. Risk Analysis/Impact Analyses of Proposed Modifications to the Sacramento River Flood Control Project Levees • To Define a Risk Analysis Methodology • Identify if system-wide hydraulic impacts resulting from alterations and modifications to the SRFCP can be determined with Risk Analysis • Compare Risk Methodology to Traditional Deterministic Methodology • NOT comparing results…Only the Process

44. SRFCP • 1300 miles of levees • Protects 800k Acres • Significant Upstream Storage Reservoirs • Downstream channel capacity must be maintained

45. Certification of Levee Systems for the NFIP(EC 1110-2-6067) • Focus is on the levee system that is associated with a given separable floodplain. • A levee system is inclusive of all components that are interconnected and necessary to insure protection of the associated floodplain – levee/floodwall sections, closure structures, pumping stations, culverts, interior drainage works, and system operation andmaintenance • No PARTIAL system certifications t Riversburg Greentown Metroville This diagram shows one levee “project” and three levee systems

46. HEC Training Classes FY09 • Nonstructural Measures for Flood Risk Management Mar 30 - Apr 03 • Hydrologic Analysis for Ecosystem Restoration Apr 06-10 • Advanced Steady Flow Analysis with HEC-RAS May 04-08 • Risk Analysis For Flood Damage Reduction Projects Jun 15-19 • Statistical Methods in Hydrology Jul 13-17, 09 • Sediment Transport Analysis With HEC-RAS Aug 17-21 • Advanced Reservoir Modeling with HEC-ResSim Sep 14-18

47. Proposed HEC Training Classes FY10 • Steady Flow with HEC-RAS Oct 26-30 • Water and the Watershed Nov 16-20 • Risk Analysis for Flood Damage Reduction Projects Dec 7-11 • Reservoir System Analysis with HEC-ResSim Jan 11-15 • H&H for Dam Safety Studies Jan 25-29 • Hydrologic Analysis for Ecosystem Restoration Mar 22-26 • Water Data Management with HEC-DSSVue Apr 12-16 • Flood Frequency Analysis May 17-21 • Hydrologic Engineering Applications for GIS Jun 21-25 • Hydrologic Engineer Role in Planning Jul 12-16 • Unsteady Flow Analysis with HEC-RAS Jul 26-30 • Hydrologic Modeling with HEC-HMS Aug 16-20 • Advanced HEC-ResSim Sep 13-17

48. HEC Senior Staff, Contact Information • Chris Dunn, P.E., Director • Jeff Harris, Hydrology & Hydraulics Technology Div. • Mike Deering, P.E., Water Resources Systems Div. • Tom Evans, Ph.D., Water Management Systems Div. • Gary Brunner, P.E., Senior Technical Specialist, River Hydraulics • Bill Charley, P.E., Senior Technical Specialist, Water Control • HEC Web site: http://www.hec.usace.army.mil • christopher.n.dunn@usace.army.mil • Contact for publications, software: Hydrologic Engineering Center 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616 Ph 530/756-1104