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Course of Political Science Prof. Leonardo Morlino Nov 20th 2013

Course of Political Science Prof. Leonardo Morlino Nov 20th 2013. Parliaments. What definition ? . « Institutions that bring together formally recognized members to discuss and legitimize decisions on matters affecting the community at large». Some facts about parliaments ….

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Course of Political Science Prof. Leonardo Morlino Nov 20th 2013

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  1. Course of Political Science Prof. Leonardo Morlino Nov 20th 2013 Parliaments

  2. Whatdefinition? «Institutionsthatbringtogetherformallyrecognizedmembers to discuss and legitimizedecisions on mattersaffecting the community atlarge»

  3. Some factsaboutparliaments… • Parliaments are widespread – even the Pitcairn Island with fewerthan 100 inhabitantshasone! • Theyvary in age: the IcelandicAlthingdates back to 930 A.D., the ScottishPàrlamaid na h-Alba is a teenager • In most western parliaments, plenarydebates are oftenbadlyattended - Danishsaying: «Ifyouhave a secret, tellit in the Folketing (the Danishparliament)»

  4. Whatroles? Legislation Representation Scrutiny

  5. How is actually legislation carried out? Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made. (Otto von Bismarck) • The relationship with the government • Olson’s90% rule • Focus and level of legislation (primary, secondary, or delegated) • Other institutions can intervene in the legislative process, such assupranationalparliaments

  6. Whatisrepresentation? “Political representation is a basic institution of Western modernity. Put simply, it exists so that those governed can govern indirectly. It thus creates a minimum level (considered to be the only realistic one) of self-government. Under the systems of modern representation, the governed choose those who will govern through elections and authorize them to do so in their name, thusgranting representatives a mandate to look after the interests of the governed.” (Mastropaolo 2012) Trustee vs. Delegate

  7. What is scrutiny as function of a parliament? • AKA «oversight» or «parliamentary control» …On what? • On the application of legislation; • On seeking information; or • Simply on keeping a check on governmental activity.

  8. Roles and modes of elections of the second chamber? • Unicameral vs. Bicameral BicameralParliaments: representation of different social classes (historicalexamples e.g. clergy, nobility and third state ) or of ethnic / regionalinterests • Nominated, directly elected, or indirectly elected?

  9. Blue: bicameral. Orange: unicameral. Black: no legislature (Source www.washingtonpost.com )

  10. Government Course of Political Science Prof. Leonardo Morlino Nov 20th 2013

  11. The meanings of ‘government’ «Core meaning»: allactivitiesof steering within human groups, from tribes to the state and to supranational and internationalorganizations. Regere = gubernare Government vs. administration in earlymodernage The idea of «Rechtsstaat» «Party Government»

  12. What are the key functions of the government? InitiatingPolicies ImplementingPolicies Coordination

  13. What is government in a narrower sense? In a narrower sense, government “is” governmental organization, including the chief executive and his or her office, the cabinet, and the ministries «Strong» Prime ministers vs. «weak» prime ministers “Amateur» vs. “Technocratic” typeof government

  14. What are the new approaches used to study governments? Core executive models Rationalchoiceinstitutionalism Governancestudies

  15. The “core executive model” approach in studying government Elgie (1997) identifiessixdifferentmodels of executive politicscomprising a comprehensive set of ways in whichpowermay be distributedamongstchief executives, cabinets, ministers and bureaucrats. • MonocraticGovernment • CollectiveGovernment • MinisterialGovernment • BureaucraticGovernment • SharedGovernment • SegmentedGovernment

  16. The rational choice institutionalism approach in studying government Governments inorder to change policies must get individual actors or veto players to agree (Tsebelis 2002) “Agenda control most frequently belongs to governments in parliamentary systems and parliament in presidential ones.”

  17. The governance approach in studying government. The concept of governance (derived from the Latin term gubernantia) has a wider range than that of government because it includes all individual and collective interactions of governments with nongovernmental organizations, interest groups, social movements, and citizengroups From theories of neocorporatism and of governmentalsteering to governancestudies Governance approaches were built on the experience that policy formulation became more difficult in postmodern societies «Agencification, changes in lobbying and a new role for the media

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