November 20th, 2013

1. November 20th, 2013 Focus Lesson Please get your FCIM: Cell Cycle Organelles Your ID must be out! Clear your desk of all other distractions.

2. Essential Question • How is genetic material transmitted to new cells? Daily Objectives: • SWBAT Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information. • SWBAT Explain how the similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance. • SWBAT Recall the components and structure of DNA.

3. How will we get there? Last Class This Class • FCIM: Cell Cycle Organelles • Identifying the stages: Microscope Lab • Reflection: Page 16 • Whiteboard Review • Page 160 #29-31 • FCIM: Cell Cycle • Review Pg 160 (Pg 17) • Quiz 3: Mitosis (Pg 19) • Corrections/ Enrichment (Pg 18) • DNA Structure (Pg 21) • Diagramming (Pg 20) • HL: FLASHCARDS • Diagram on Page 20

4. Home learning is LEARNING! If you do not finish work in class, you are responsible to do so on your own time. Open up to page 17. If you did not complete this assignment in class it should have been completed as home learning.

5. Quiz 3: MitosisOWN YOUR EDUCATION. THIS IS YOUR FUTURE… OK IT’S A 5 QUESTION QUIZ, but it CAN predict your future success in this class. Clear your desk of all materials, grab a highlighter if you think you would benefit from mapping the questions. EYES ON YOUR OWN QUIZ. YOU HAVE 10 Minutes. Early finishers: As long as your quiz is face down you can make sure your notebook is in order.

6. What goes on Page 18? Lower than 80%? Are you a superstar? • Complete SREs to learn from your mistakes! • Your grade means you have not learned what you are expected to! • STEP UP YOUR GAME • Write me a RAFT • Role: DNA molecule • Audience: All the organelles • Format: FB status updates • Topic: What is happening to you during each stage of cell division?

7. Rubber Band ActivityExploring the structure of DNA Expectations: Listen carefully for directions, we will go step by step as a class Your rubber band is to stay in YOUR hands. You are the only one allowed to touch it. We will collect them at the end, other classes will need them

8. Answer the two DO NOW questions at the top of your handout Nucleic Acids = DNA & RNA What is the function of a Nucleic Acid / DNA? What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid? Remember, a monomer is a single-subunit of a macromolecule!

9. What is DNA? • DNA is universal and common to almost all living things! We all have DNA! CFU: What do we mean by universal?

10. Sound like a scientist! • What does DNA stand for? • Deoxyribonucleic Acid

11. DNA Fun Fact! • You have about 9 million kilometers of DNA. That's enough to reach to the moon and back 13 times!  • How can we fit all of that in our cells?!

12. DNA STRUCTURE • The structure of DNA allows it to condense a ton of information.

13. DNA Structure • DNA is made of 4 nitrogen base pairs. • Adenine (A) -Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C) • These form the “steps” of our staircase. • A is a complementary pair to T • C is a complementary pair to G

14. You Practice • What would be the correct DNA parings in the DNA of a spider? • Adenine-guanine; cytosine-thymine • Adenine-thymine; cytosine-guanine • Cytosine-adenine; guanine-thymine • Cytosine-thymine; guanine-adenine

15. You Practice 2. The nucleotide sequences found in two different species are made of the same base pairs. • What is this is evidence of?

16. You Practice 3. Why would you be able to take the DNA from a human and insert it into a mouse? • Because mice and humans are both part of the animal kingdom • Because humans have special DNA that can take over any other DNA. • Because DNA is universal to all organisms • Because a mouse’s DNA can accept any type of DNA

17. DNA Structure The whole monomer of a N.A. is a called a nucleotide. BUT REMEMBER! This single unit is made up of 3 different things!! 1 2 3 Draw a nucleotide on Pg 20

18. Nitrogen Base Phosphate The sides of the stair case are made up of phosphate and sugar. The steps on the stair case are made up of nitrogen bases attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Sugar Hydrogen Bond

19. Packing DNA Structure • The DNA is twisted into the shape of a double helix. • Which can then be twisted into chromosomes • Remember this? Those are chromosomes!

20. Practice Put the following structures in order from smallest and to largest: Word Bank: Nucleus, chromosome, chromatid, DNA double-helix, base pairs Answer: Base pairs, DNA double-helix chromatid, chromosome, nucleus

21. DNA Fun Fact! • Any two unrelated strangers anywhere on the planet share 99.9 percent of the same DNA. A miniscule fraction of the genome—about 3 million of its over 3 billion bases—accounts for the vast differences within the human race. “But wait! How can DNA be the same in every organism but create so much genetic variety?”

22. Good Point face paint guy… DNA Function • The structure of DNA allows it to be a common system that can code for a wide range of things. • The structure of DNA is always the same but the order of the nucleotides codes for different genes.

23. Function DNA codes for genes • The different genes code for different proteins. • All individuals have different variations or sequences of base pairs. • For example: GTACA might make a protein for small lips and AGTGA might make a protein for large lips: TTTTTT AGTGA

24. CFU How is genetic information stored in DNA? -as different patterns of nucleotides True or False. The more similar (alike) two organisms are, the more DNA patterns they have in common. -True

25. “Wow. DNA is so cool! But what happens when we need more of it? Like, when a cell divides? • Good point Willow Smith. Remember during mitosis and meiosis when we needed to replicate the DNA?

26. How does DNA Copy itself? • DNA Replication is when the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. DNA Replication 1 DNA 2 DNA

27. How replication occurs • Helicase “unzips” a molecule of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds. • The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA polymerase. • DNA polymerase even “proofreads” each new DNA strand! Why does it make sense to call it DNA Polymerase?

28. DNA Replication

29. Let’s Practice Together! • Find the complimentary strand: C –A –T –T –G –G –C –A –A G –T –A –A –C –C – G –T –T

30. Complete the Independent Practice • You have three DNA sequences listed on your guided notes. • Complete these independently at a volume level 0.

31. Closing • Home Learning: • You need to make flashcards for this lesson. Use the textbook or the website because I am collecting your notebook. • On your own sheet of paper (because I have your notebook) diagram the process of DNA replication. We will be putting this in on the bottom of page 20. 90 Minutes of your life EVERY OTHER DAY is NOT enough time to master these concepts. Take biology home with you! WRITE DOWN YOUR HOME LEARNING NOW.

32. Exit Ticket: POST IT STYLE Daily Objectives: • SWBAT Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information. • SWBAT Explain how the similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance. • SWBAT Recall the components and structure of DNA. Pick one of the daily objectives and explain it in words that an elementary school student would understand.