frank raes julian wilson jean-philippe putaud

1. availability of in-situ data for assessing the geographical distribution and trends of aerosols at the european and global scale frank raes julian wilson jean-philippe putaud

2. Condensation Nuclei (CN) Nucleation Mode Aitken Mode Accumulation Mode Coarse Mode ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL Number size distribution Diameter (micrometer)

3. PM10 PM2.5 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL Mass size distribution Diameter (micrometer)

4. ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL chemical composition unknown organics sulfates mineral dust nitrates Diameter (micrometer)

5. POLDER Aerosol Index May 1997

6. WMO Global Atmospheric Watch Global Stations

7. 1974 2002 Point Barrow Pallas Mace Head Hohenpeissenberg Jungfraujoch Mauna Loa American Samoa Cape Grim South Pole CN record from GAW global sites submitted to WDCA (as of 1st sept 2002)

8. size distribution sized chemistry PM chemistry absorption scattering LIDAR CCN AOD PM CN stations GAW ongoing measurements

9. size distribution sized chemistry PM chemistry absorption scattering LIDAR CCN AOD PM CN stations GAW available data through GAW/WDCA

10. COSAM Sites GAW Global Stations

11. COSAM Sulfate (SO4) March-April-May 93-94 Europe peripheral N America peripheral Arctic N Atlantic N Pacific Southern Oceans free troposphere 0 1 2nmole/mole-air

12. 1981 1998 Cheju Okinawa Midway Oahu American Samoa Norfolk Island Chatham Island Mawson non-sea salt Sulfate (mg.m-3) time series for Pacific transect and S. Ocean sites in COSAM. data courtesy of Dr. D Savoie, U. Miami

13. Germany 2- 0- 2- Sulfate (microgram SO4=/m3) United Kingdom 0- Finland 2- 0- 1978 1998 EMEP CCC Report 7/2000

14. Research projects AEROCE ACE’s TRACE’s IMPROVE network EMEP network CAPMON network EMEP Data Centre CAPMON Data Centre IMPROVE Data Centre compilations GAW network local regional global local regional global WMO/GAW World Data Centre for Aerosols http://ies.jrc.cec.eu.int/wdca/ julian.wilson@jrc.it

15. A European Aerosol Phenomenology (Putaud et al., JRC, 2002) Putaud et al., A European PM Phenomenology, JRC, 2002 naturalruralnear-cityurban kerbside

16. Aerosol Optical Depth TNO FEL

17. Putaud et al., A European PM Phenomenology, JRC, 2002

18. annual average PM2.5 Putaud et al., A European PM Phenomenology, JRC, 2002 naturalrural near-cityurban kerbside

19. PM10 Putaud et al., A European PM Phenomenology, JRC, 2002 PM2.5 naturalruralnear-cityurban kerbside

20. PM2.5 chemical composition natural near-city kerbside rural urban OM 21 % OM 22 % nss-SO4 14 % nss-SO4 17 % nss-SO4 30 % OM 32 % 5.4 µg/m³ 25 µg/m³ 29 µg/m³ Putaud et al., A European PM Phenomenology, JRC, 2002

21. urban near-city & urban 32 µg/m³ 25 µg/m³ PM2.0 eightiesPM2.5 nineties non-urban natural - rural 15 µg/m³ 5.4 µg/m³ Heintzenberg, 1989 present compilation Heintzenberg, 1989 Putaud et al., 2002

22. summary and conclusions aerosol data for Climate and Health issues - mutual benefit GAW global stations not well located for aerosol measurements need addition of: - regional networks - results from research projects - need projects that need data (COSAM) research projects should also aim at delivering data to compilations, syntheses, public data archives - role for funding agencies - more open attitude among scientists

23. We would like to acknowledge the following groups for use of the data that they have submitted to WDCA • Dr. J Ogren and colleagues, CMDL • Prof. Dr. Y Viisanen and colleagues, FMI, • Prof. S. G. Jennings and colleagues, NUI, Galway • U. Kaminski and colleagues, DWD • Dr. Urs Baltensperger and colleagues, PSI • Dr. J. Gras and colleagues, CSIRO • Dr. D. Savoie and colleagues, U. Miami

24. A European Aerosol Phenomenologyphysical and chemical characteristics of particulate matterat kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe.Jean-P. Putaud1, Urs Baltensperger2, Erika Brüggemann13, M.-Cristina Facchini3, Sandro Fuzzi3, Robert Gehrig4, Hans-C. Hansson5, Roy M. Harrison6, Alan M. Jones6, Paolo Laj7, Willy Maenhaut8, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos9, Konrad Müller13, Finn Palmgren10, Xavier Querol11, Sergio Rodriguez11, Gerald Spindler13, Harry ten Brink12, Peter Tunved5, Rita Van Dingenen1, Birgit Wehner13, Ernest Weingartner2, Alfred Wiedensohler13, Peter Wåhlin10, Frank Raes11 European Commission, Institute for Environment & Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy2 Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, Switzerland3 Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e dell'Oceano, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy4 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dübendorf, Switzerland5 Institute of Applied Environmental Research, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden6 University of Birmingham, Division of Environmental health and Risk Management, Birmingham, UK7 Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France8 University of Gent, Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gent, Belgium9 Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece 10 National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark11 Inst. de Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain12 Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands13 Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig, Germany