Chapter 6 The War

1. Chapter 6The War • The Early Years • The War Continues • The War Move South • The War is Won

2. The Early Years • Advantages and Disadvantages • Recruiting, Equipping, and Training an Army • An African American Presence • Won / Loss Column

3. American + Fighting on own land + Had a Cause for which to fight. + Washington - No Professional Army - Limited Financial Resources. - Divided Loyalties. British + Strong Navy + Larger Population + Well Trained Army + Deep Pockets - Long Distance - Will to Win Advantages / Disadvantages

4. Recruiting, Equipping, and Training an Army • Militia’s were locally recruited and trained • Different rules, regulations, and drills. • Elected officers and leaders • Congress Commissions a Regular Army • Enlistments of one year. • Low pay when paid • Training limited until after Valley Forge

5. Exceedingly rare Master/Slave Enlistment Agreement from the Revolutionary War that allowsConnecticut slave "Juba Negro" to join the Continental Army at half pay- Juba would  gain his freedom as well, as during his service,he changed his name to "Juba Freeman." (June 2, 1777)

6. African American Involvement • In 1777, Washington approved the recruitment and training of African American Soldiers. • The 1st Rhodes Island Regiment was formed and Commanded by Col Nicholas Green. • Masters were paid 120 B.Pounds. Slaves were given ½ pay and later promised freedom.

7. Win / Loss

8. The War Continues • European Support • Winter at Valley Forge • Lafayette • Home Front. • Glory at Sea • The War Moves South

9. European Support • Franklin and Adams as Ambassadors to France • After Saratoga Franklin secures France’s aid. Adams secures European loans. • In the beginning, France provides limited naval and ground support.

10. The War Moves West and South • The war on the western frontier was mainly a war against the Native American Allies of the British. • General’s Clinton and Cornwallis move to separate the South from the Revolution. • Clinton returns to New York leaving Cornwallis in command. • The British win Force on Force Battles but cannot control the South because of Guerrilla tactics employed by the rebels.

11. The War Moves West and South • Spanish Gov. of Louisiana opens the Port of New Orleans to the Colonists • Spain Declares war on Britain. • Colonial victories at Kings Mountain and at Cowpens solidify support for the Cause in the South. • Cornwallis retreats North to Yorktown after Guilford Courthouse.

12. Events Leading Up to Yorktown and Independence • July 1780 Rochambeau Lands with French Army in RI. • April 1781 Cornwallis Retreats to Yorktown VA. • August 1781 French Adm. deGrasse’s fleet become available to support operations.

13. Q. Why would Cornwallis position his army on a peninsula?

14. War Comes to a Close • After Yorktown, the British still held the key cities of Savannah, Charles Town, and New York. • The Surrender at Yorktown convinced the British that winning the war would be too costly. • Franklin, Adams, and John Jay secure independence with the Treaty of Paris 1783

15. Treaty of Paris 1783 • Britain recognizes the Independence of the United States of America. • fixed the boundaries of the United States. • granted Americans fishing rights off Newfoundland • provided that creditors of either side would be unimpeded in the collection of lawful debts. • provide for restitution of confiscated property to British subjects, and take no further proceedings against the Loyalists. (www.answers.com/topic/treaty-of-paris-1763)

16. Prologue • Although the war was over, there were many more problems to solve. • The Army had to be paid and disbanded. • Newburgh Conspiracy – Officers threatened not to disband the army if demands were not met. • Washington quells the situation and convinces Congress to meet their demands. • November 1783 British finally leave New York and Washington resigns in December.

17. Legacy of the Revolution • Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness transcends National Borders and inspires the French Revolution, Revolts in Spanish Colonies . . .. • Are the ideals of the Revolution relevant in our world today?