Chapter 6 – Civil War & Reconstruction

1. Chapter 6 – Civil War & Reconstruction P174

2. Ch 6 Overview • Lesson 1 – Early years of Civil War • Lesson 2 – hardships faced by soldiers & civilians during the war • Lesson 3 – describes how the North won the war • Lesson 4 – Reconstruction • Lesson 5 – challenges faced by former slaves after the end of Reconstruction • Begin p176

3. Ch 6 Lesson 1 – A Nation at War • Vocab: border states, casualties, draft, emancipation • Objectives: • U3-10: Compare strengths of Confederacy & Union • U3-11: Identify important early battles and events of the Civil War • U3-12: Describe the significance of the Emancipation Porclamation

4. Ch 6 L1 – p176 • The Confederacy’s plan for winning the war was to fight off northern attacks until the Union gave up and to get help from Britain & France • At the battle of Antietam, the Union army stopped General Lee from invading the North. The armies suffered a combined 22000 casualties • Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy (South) couldn’t get enough food, $, & weapons because the Union blockade closed most southern ports. Davis had to start a draft b/c not enough people wanted to join the army. The Confederate states ignored his orders b/c they didn’t want to give up their power

5. Ch 6 L1 • Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation b/c he knew that freeing the enslaved people could hurt the Confederacy. Enslaved people who worked on southern farms could help the North instead • The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point of the war b/c about ½ of General Lee’s men were killed or wounded. The Confederate army was so weakened that their army had to retreat

6. Objectives & Summary Ch6 L1 • Confederacy strengths included fighting on home turf & talented military commanders. Union advantages were greater population, more factories (= more $), and more railroad lines • Important battles = 1st battle of Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Vicksburg & Gettysburg • Emancipation Proclamation declared enslaved people in the Confederacy free and turned slavery into the key issue of the war

7. Ch 6 L2 – The Human Face of War p184 • Vocab: camp, homefront, civilian • Objectives: • U3-13: Describe conditions that soldiers faced during Civil War • U3-14: Explain how the war affected people on the home fronts both in North & South • Clara Barton: headed the American Red Cross

8. Ch 6 L2 p184

9. Ch 6 L2 • Women on both sides of the war dressed as men and joined the army, spied, cared for the sick & wounded • Soldiers read, sang, & wrote letters to eliminate boredom of camp life. Others put on shows or printed newspapers • Immigrants from Germany, Ireland, & Italy joint the Union army • The Civil War was so deadly because rifles could shoot farther and more accurately than ever, and disease killed twice as many soldiers as fighting did

10. Ch 6 L2 • Women ran farms & businesses. Thousands sewed uniforms, knitted socks, made bandages & raised $$ for both armies. Some were nurses • Confederate $$ became almost worthless this Inflation made food and other items very expensive

11. Objectives & Summary Ch 6 L2 • Soldiers lived in camps, where they waited for news from home. Powerful rifles & rampant disease led to many casualties • Home front effects included inflation and hunger in the South & personal losses to families in the North & South. Many women had to take over traditionally male responsibilities

12. Overview

13. Ch 6 L3 – The War Ends p190 • Vocab: telegraph, total war, desert • Objectives: • U3-15: Explain factors, including strategy of total war, which helped Union defeat Confederacy • U3-16: Describe end of war, including Lee’s surrender to Grant • Telegraph messages were sent by Morse code, a system of patters of dots & dashes created by inventor Samuel Morse • William Tecumseh Sherman went to West Point as a young man. After graduating, he served several military assignments in the South, which helped him learn about southern people & geography

14. Ch 6 L3 p190 • General Grant planned to end the war by leading an army to defeat General Lee’s soldiers and capture Richmond. At the same time, General Sherman’s army would attack Atlanta • During Sherman’s march at Sea, Sherman’s army marched though Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying nearly everything they passed • Grant’s army received food, supplies & soldiers while in Richmond. The Confederate army was running out of reinforcements • Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

15. Ch 6 L3 Objective & Summary • Factors that helped the Union defeat the Confederacy were greater availability of soldiers and supplies in the North & Sherman’s strategy of total war, which devastated much of the South • The war ended with Lee’s surrender to Grant after a long face-off near Richmond and increased desertion by Confederate troops

16. Sequence of Events leading to the END of the WAR

17. Ch 6 L4 – Reconstruction p196 • Vocab: reconstruction, assassination, Freedmen’s Bureau, impeach • Objectives: • U3-17: Compare different plans for reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War • U3-18: Describe how the Constitution changed to protect the rights of African Americans after the war

18. Ch 6 L4 p196

19. Ch 6 L4 • Reconstruction was a huge challenge for Americans b/c the South had to be reunited w/ the rest of the country, but Americans could not agree on how it should be done • Lincoln planned to let the southern states set up new state gov’ts and quickly rejoin the Union • Booth assassinated Lincoln b/c he supported the Confederacy & was angry about the South’s defeat

20. Ch 6 L4 • Black Codes were laws passed by southern states to limit rights of former enslaved people to travel, vote, & work in certain jobs • The purpose of the Freedman’s Bureau was to provide food, clothing, medical care, & legal advice to poor blacks and whites. It set up hospitals & schools for newly freed people • Congress took over reconstruction & put the South under military rule. Then Congress tried to impeach President Johnson – but failed

21. Ch 6 L4 • Carpetbaggers were people from the North who went South to make $$ during Reconstruction • Scalawags was a slang for an old worthless horse but was used to refer to those southerners who helped the gov’t during Reconstruction • KNOW that the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the US • 14th Amendment = gave African Americans full citizenship & guaranteed due process of law • 15th Amendment = gave African American men the right to vot • Many African Americans began taking part in gov’t, ran for office & became gov’t leaders after winning right to vote

22. Ch 6 L4 Objective & Summary • After the war some northerners wanted to punish the South; Lincoln wanted to let the South rejon the Union easily; Radical Republicans wanted to change the South, especially with regard to African Americans’ rights • The Constitution’s 13th Amendment ended slavery; 14th Amendment full citizenship to African Americans; 15th Amendment African American men right to vote

23. Ch 6 L5 – The Challenge of Freedom p206 • Vocab: sharecropping, Jim Crow, segregation • Objectives: • U3-20: Explain the effects of Reconstruction policies on the South after the Civil War • U3-21: Describe the end of Reconstruction in the South • Background/Info on the Tuskegee Institute – The Tuskegee Institute began w/ $2000 for teachers’ salaries but nothing for land or buildings. Booker T. Washington got a $200 loan to purchase land for the school. Students built its first buildings and grew food for the school. Wealthy people such as Andrew Carnegie & John D Rockefeller contributed to the Tuskegee Institute

24. Ch 6 L5 • Sharecropping: a farmer keeps a part (or a share) of a crop & gives the rest to the landowner • Benefits of sharecropping: landowners let poor farmers farm small areas of land in return for a share of the crop • Sharecroppers usually stayed poor because they owed $$ to the landowners, making it hard to get out of debt • Many freed African Americans became sharecroppers b/c they wanted to be farmers but could not afford to buy land

25. Ch 6 L5 • Many Americans felt disappointed with Reconstruction b/c they felt it has not successfully reunited the nation • Jim Crow laws refer to laws that promoted segregation and unequal treatment during this time period • Jim Crow laws segregated schools, hospitals, cemeteries, etc. • George Washington Carver is known for studying the peanut & credited for its’ many uses

26. Challenges of newly freed African Americans