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Role of the Liver

Role of the Liver. Do Now. Without looking at your notes, list 5 things we talked about last class. Homework Due. Rough Draft. Homework. Quiz tomorrow Will begin 48 hour food log tomorrow after class. Review.

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Role of the Liver

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  1. Role of the Liver

  2. Do Now • Without looking at your notes, list 5 things we talked about last class

  3. Homework Due • Rough Draft

  4. Homework • Quiz tomorrow • Will begin 48 hour food log tomorrow after class

  5. Review • Metabolism – a broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life • Catabolism – substances are broken down to simpler substances • Broken bonds create energy • Anabolism – larger molecules or structures are built from larger molecules or structures

  6. Review • BMR is the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time, while the body is at rest • Basically the individuals necessary energy supply to perform essential life activities • Breathing, heartbeat, kidney function • Some factors that increase BMR: • Male • Young age • Strong emotions of anger/fear

  7. Review • Fact of the matter is, we all don’t just live to breath and have our heart beat • TMR refers to the total amount of Calories the body consumes to fuel all physical activities • When a trained athlete exercises for several minutes, TMR can increase 15-20 times normal

  8. The Liver • “Renaissance Man” of the body • Important in digestion of fat • Detoxifies drugs and alcohol • Make cholesterol and proteins vital to the body

  9. The Liver • Blood is filtered through the liver • Liver filters out amino acids, fatty acids and glucose • Destroys bacteria that have made their way into the blood

  10. Liver Function on Metabolism • Maintains normal blood glucose level • 100 mg/100 mL of blood • After eating heavy duty amount of carbs, liver removes glucose and stores as glycogen in the liver (glycogenesis) • Blood sugar levels will drop, and liver breaks down stored glycogen and releases it to the body (glycogenolysis) • Liver can also create glucose from fats and proteins, known as glyconeogenesis

  11. Liver Function and Blood Sugar • As blood sugar increases, glycogenesis converts glucose to glycogen and stores it • As blood sugar falls, glycogenolysisbreaks down stored glycogen, converts it to glucose and releases it to the blood

  12. Cholesterol • Only 15% comes from diet, 85% is made by the liver • High cholesterol is genetic • Cholesterol helps build plasma membranes of cells • Not soluble, can’t circulate freely in the blood • Transported by HDLs and LDLs

  13. HDLs v. LDLs • LDLs transports cholesterol to the body cells • Large amounts of LDLs circulated increases the risk of becoming imbedded in the arterial walls • HDLs transport cholesterol from the tissue to the liver to be disposed • HDLs “good”, LDLs “bad” • But both necessary

  14. Body Temperature Regulation

  15. Heat Protecting Mechanism • Hypothalamus in the brain regulated body temp to stay between 96-100 degrees • When body temp falls, the body must conserve heat • Vasoconstriction • Blood vessels of skin shrink, preventing blood flow and keeping blood deeper, toward more vital organs • Shivering

  16. Vasoconstriction • Temporarily, vasoconstriction can be harmless • However, if vasoconstriction can eventually cause a deprivation of oxygen, thus causing skin cells to die (frostbite) • When vasoconstriction is no longer effective and core body temp drops, shivering starts • Skeletal muscle activity produces lot of heat

  17. Frostbite

  18. Heat Releasing Mechanisms • Most heat released through the skin (radiation) • If external environment is as hot as the body, heat cannot be lost by radiation, only evaporation of sweat • If weather is humid, evaporation is much less effective

  19. Heat Stroke v. Heat Exhaustion • Increased heat production, increases the rate of the metabolism • Skin becomes hot and dry, but is unable to lose heat via sweat • Heat stroke can cause permanent damage to the brain • Heat exhaustion is when an individual faints following physical activity, usually associated with dehydration

  20. Homework • Quiz tomorrow

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