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Single Aperture Concepts

Single Aperture Concepts. Prehistoric instruments. Only a few direct detection of planetary mass objects …. All detected at large separations and/or small mass ratio => Presumably not formed in protoplanetary disk. Next to come on the ground 2010-2011. SPHERE (& GPI & HiCiAO).

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Single Aperture Concepts

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  1. Single Aperture Concepts

  2. Prehistoric instruments Only a few direct detection of planetary mass objects … All detected at large separations and/or small mass ratio => Presumably not formed in protoplanetary disk

  3. Next to come on the ground 2010-2011 SPHERE (& GPI & HiCiAO) Spectro Polarimetric High contrast Exoplanet Research Large consortium (F, I, G, S, NL, ESO) XAO + coronagraphy + differential imaging - IRDIS: 2 simultaneous filters (NIR) - IFS: 3D spectroscopy (NIR) - ZIMPOL : simultaneous polarimetry (Vis) Expected contrast : 106 - 107 in NIR, 107-108 in Vis - measures : NIR spectra, NIR photometry (0.95-2.3m), polarimetry (600-900nm) - operation : 80% of the time in survey mode (IRDIS-H2H3 + IFS-YJ) - first light : end 2010 - cost : 8M€ 4 objectives : - giant planets in young associations of stars (1 to a few mass of Jupiter) - stars with known planets (RV surveys) : massive planets, long period - stars of intermediate age (0.1-1 Gyr) - very nearby stars (bright stars, orbit 0.5 - 1 AU, 1RJ) 260 GTO nights

  4. l=11.40mm Next to come in space 2014 JWST MIRI Europe + US consortium 5 - 28 m imager + IFU MIRI imager has 4 coronagraphs 4QPM in 3 filters (10.6, 11.4, 15.5 m) => self luminous giants T > 300-400K (5 - 10AU, 10pc, 5Gyr) Expected contrast : 104 - 105 - measures : photometry - first light : 2014 NIRCAM US instrument 0.6 - 5 m imager NIRCAM has 5 coronagraphs Optimized for several filters (F200, F480, …) Good performance at 4.8m At 2.2 m mature giants are too faint. Expected contrast : 105 - 106 - measures : photometry (2 - 5m) - first light : 2014 FGS: CSA responsabilty 1-5m coronagraphic capabilities

  5. Next to come in space 2018 SPICA IR Japanese space telescope (JAXA) Some collaborations (UK for instance) 3.5m telescope + several instruments Coronagraph : 3 - 27 m (imaging and spectroscopy) Expected contrast : 106 => potentially better than MIRI if: - better coronagraph (PIAA, shaped pupil) - WF correction (cryogenic) Some technological developments are required (on going at JAXA) Assessment phase by ESA in the context of CV - measures : photometry + spectroscopy - first light : 2018

  6. By 2020 (still on the ground) ELT - EPICS Exo-Planet Imaging Camera & Spectrometer Large consortium (ESO, F, I, G, S, NL) A SPHERE-like instrument for E-ELT Phase A started in oct 2007 for 2 years. (ELT in phase B) Expected contrast : 108 - 109 in NIR & Vis - measures : NIR spectra (0.95-2.3m), polarimetry (450-900nm) - first light > 2018 (1st generation instrument) - cost ~ 30M€ /D = 8 mas objectives : - young giants - mature giants >5AU <20pc, spectral characterization - Neptune mass (rocky ?) detection + 1st order charac.

  7. By 2020 (still on the ground) ELT - METIS Continuation of VIZIR/VLT and MIRI/JWST programs Phase A has started in 2008 for 2 years Expected contrast : 105 - 106 - measures : MIR photometry + spectra (IFU) - first light > 2018 - 2020 - cost ~ 30M€ /D = 50 mas • objectives : • mature giants • irradiated planets (1 jupiter mass and possibly down)

  8. M class SEE COAST & TPF-C avatars Medium mission 1.5 - 2m class telescope Super polish optics, coronagraphy, differential imaging, WF control Expected contrast : 107 - 108 - measures are : Vis spectra (0.4-1.25m) + polarimetry (400-850nm) + long term variations - cost ~ 300M€ => 4 projects funded by NASA (1M$) for review at decadal survey (PICO, ACCESS, EPIC, DaVinci) objectives : - explore diversity of planets - target list : HARPS, ESPRESSO, GAIA, COROT, KEPLER, … - mature giant planets (clouds, scattering, temporal variations, …) - Super Earths

  9. L or XL class Occulters & large telescopes Several concepts : - opaque occulters (New Worlds Observer) - Fresnel imaging lens (3-5m, 15m, 30m) - large telescope with coronagraph (>4m) Expected contrast : 109 - 1010 - measures are : NWO : UV-NIR spectra (0.12-1.7m) Fresnel : possibly extendable to MIR - cost > 600M€ - smaller concepts possibly in the range of an M class • objectives : • Earth like planets • habitable zone => 2 projects funded by NASA (1M$) for review at decadal survey : NWO, XPC

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