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Separation Techniques

Modified from Chelstone High School. Munalula.C.M. BHS Chemistry. Separation Techniques. Separation Techniques -. Involve the separation of mixtures to enhance purity of substances Are important because most substances are needed in their pure state. Some Types of Separation Techniques.

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Separation Techniques

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  1. Modified from Chelstone High School. Munalula.C.M BHS Chemistry Separation Techniques

  2. Separation Techniques - • Involve the separation of mixtures to enhance purity of substances • Are important because most substances are needed in their pure state.

  3. Some Types of Separation Techniques • Filtration • Chromatography • Distillation • Fractional Crystallization • Centrifugation

  4. Filtration • This is a technique used to separate mixtures of an insoluble solid and a liquid.

  5. Examples of Mixtures You Can Separate Using Filtration • Sand and water • Broken glass and a liquid • A precipitate from a liquid

  6. Chromatography • Is the separation technique used to separate soluble substances using a media and a solvent. • It is mostly applied in identifying mixtures that are colored or pigmented.

  7. Types of Distillation Distillation • This is the separation technique where two miscible liquids are separated. • It is made possible due to the fact that each liquid has its unique boiling point. • Simple distillation • Fractional distillation

  8. Fractional distillation • This is the technique used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points. • E.g water and ethanol • The boiling point for water is 100 while for ethanol it is 78.

  9. Fractional Crystallization • A process by which a chemical compound is separated into components by crystallization. • In fractional crystallization the compound is mixed with a solvent, heated, and then gradually cooled so that, as each of its constituent components crystallizes, it can be removed in its pure form from the solution.

  10. Centrifugation • Centripetal acceleration causes more dense substances to separate to the bottom of the tube. • By the same token, lighter objects will tend to move to the top of the tube.

  11. Questions • What is a mixture? • Give three ways of separating a mixture. • What kind of mixtures can you separate using the filtration method? • Give an example of a mixture you can separate using the fractional distillation method.

  12. Answers • It is a substance made up of two or more substances which are physically combined. • Filtration, Chromatography and Distillation. • Mixtures of an insoluble substance and a liquid. • Ethanol and water.

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