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The Rise of the Roman Republic

The Rise of the Roman Republic. 500 BCE to 48 BCE. Terms to know. Republic – citizens elect representatives to run the government, the head of which is usually the President. Patricians – members of the ruling families of Rome. They laid claim or ownership of the land.

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The Rise of the Roman Republic

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  1. The Rise of the Roman Republic 500 BCE to 48 BCE

  2. Terms to know • Republic – citizens elect representatives to run the government, the head of which is usually the President. • Patricians – members of the ruling families of Rome. They laid claim or ownership of the land. • Plebeians – were the lower class members of Rome. They were entitled to very little rights and owned very little.

  3. The Roman Legion • Legions = 4000 to 5000 troops ( Rome had 4 legions) • Legions were broken down into Cohorts of 500 troops • 3 identified groups in a cohort : • Hasti – young people carried javelins • Principes – older with superior weapons (shield) • Triarii - veterans

  4. Control of Italy • League of Italian Nations takes control of Southern Etruria • 265 bce– they would control the whole peninsula • Rome gained control by allowing conquered peoples to retain some of their land and continue to practice their culture • They now set their sights beyond the peninsula putting them on a collision course with Carthage

  5. Carthage • Northern Italy • Came from the area we know as Israel and Lebanon • Empire was based on trade and commerce throughout the Mediterranean Sea • Had bases on the Islands of Sicily and Sardinia

  6. Punic Wars • 1 st war (264 bce to 241) = Rome invaded Sicily. • Rome dominated the land but Carthage controlled the sea • Rome wins because of wealth. They force Carthage to pay 3300 talents and hand over Sicily • Significance: Hamilcar Baccara would hate the Romans for this and swore that he would see them destroyed

  7. Hannibal • Second Punic war (218 bce – 202 bce) • Hamilcar has a son named Hannibal • He invades Rome 215 bce by crossing the Alps with 40 Elephants and 40 000 men • Three Battles where he hammers the Romans: • Trebia River • Lake Trasimene • Cannae • Hannibal would lose his final battle against Scippio Africanus at the battle of Zama

  8. 3rd Punic War • Rome forced Carthage to pay a heavy price • 10 000 Talents in 50 annual instalments • By 150 bce Carthage has rebuilt it’s navy and Rome goes to war again • This time Rome burns Carthage to the ground and covers their fields in salt so nothing will ever Grow • Rome is the soul power house in the Mediterranean Sea.

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