The Rise of the Roman Republic

1. The Rise of the Roman Republic 509 BC – 27 BC

2. Rome’s greatest achievements: • Established the first Republicand the principle of separation of powers; • Used law and government to unite many different regions, cultures and people. • Practical engineering projects to promote civilization: roads, aqueducts, bath houses and amphitheatres.

3. Caesar Augustus asked Rome’s greatest poet, Virgil to write a poem to glorify the founding of Rome

5. Prince Aeneas with Queen Dido on the harbor of Carthage

6. Aeneas reaches Latium

7. Romulus and Remus- twin sons of Princess Rhea

8. Romulus and Remus: twin sons of Princess Rhea

10. The Archaeological Record • 2500 BC- Paleolithic settlements • 1500 BC The Bronze Age • 1000 BC tombs of cremated dead with bronze tools and weapons • 800 BC Distinct groups occupied the Italian peninsula- Umbrians, the Sabines, the Samnites, the Etruscans and the Latins

11. Three advantages • 1) built on several hills • 2) Towards the end of the Tiber River • 3) Only 15 miles from the sea

15. The Etruscans • 753-509 BC • Older, more advanced culture • Drained marshes • Built sewer system • Constructed roads, sewers. temples & public buildings

17. The Republic is established, 509 BC • The last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud, ignored the Senate and was overthrown, the Latin patricians (wealthy landowners) created a representative government.

18. Two Consuls replaced the king

19. Assemblies voted…

20. The Roman Senate: • Senators came from the Patrician class • Acted as an advisory body to the king/consuls • Controlled the finances; money for public works • Served as a Jury for treason, conspiracy, murder, & foreign relations

21. Early Roman society consisted of two classes: Patricians and Plebeians… Plebeian grievances included: Enslavement for debt Discrimination in the courts Intermarriage with patricians was forbidden Lack of political representation Absence of a written code of laws Granting citizenship to outsiders while denying it to indigenous plebeian farmers

22. The Struggle of the Orders494 – 287 BC • 494 BC – Office of the Tribune created • 460 BC – Voting: residence replaced wealth • 450 BC – Twelve Tables • 445 BC – Lex Canuleia-marriage • 367 BC – Licinian-Sextian Rogation-consuls • 287 BC – Lex Hortensia- Plebeian Council

23. the mythological twins, the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, on horseback. • The Battle of Lake Regillus, 493 BC

24. Defeating the Etruscans- The Battle of Veii, 396 BC Horatius At The Bridge

25. 390 C – first & only setback – Gauls seige on Rome

26. 350 BC: Rome renewed itself…

27. The Latin Wars340- 338 BC; 326-304 B.C.&298-290 B.C.The Roman Federation

28. 282-270 BC Rome fought the Greeks of Tarentum and their ally- King Pyrrhus of Epirus

29. By 264 BC, Rome had achieved two important successes: • It had secured social cohesion by redressing the grievances of the plebeians • It had increased its military might by conquering the peninsula, thus insuring the human resources with which it would conquer the Mediterranean world.

30. By 264 BC, 5 major world powers: Syria, Egypt, Macedonia, Carthage and Rome

31. Roman Expansion • 493 BC – Battle of Lake Regillus/Latin League • 396 BC – Battle of Veii/Etruscans • 390 C – first & only setback – Gauls seige on Rome • 350 BC - Romans bounced back- rebuilt the Servian Wall and remodeled the army • 340- 290 BC The Latin Wars/Roman Federation • 282-270 BC defeated Greeks/Tarentum & Epirus • By 264 BC, 5 major world powers: Syria, Egypt, Macedonia, Carthage and Rome

32. ANY QUESTIONS?