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Integumentary System & Body Membranes

Integumentary System & Body Membranes. Body Membranes. A membrane = a very thin strong pliable tissue which covers, lines or connects parts of an organism Simple organs 2 types of body membranes: Epithelial and Connective. Epithelial Membranes.

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Integumentary System & Body Membranes

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  1. Integumentary System & Body Membranes

  2. Body Membranes • A membrane = a very thin strong pliable tissue which covers, lines or connects parts of an organism • Simple organs • 2 types of body membranes: Epithelial and Connective

  3. Epithelial Membranes Contain an epithelial sheet with an underlying CT • Cutaneous Membrane: Skin • Superficial epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium • Dermis is dense fibrous connective tissue • Dry membrane

  4. Epithelial Membranes 2. Mucous Membranes: (Mucosa) Epithelium on loose connective tissue Stratified squamous or simple columnar Lines body cavities that open to the outside. Wet membrane

  5. Epithelial Membranes 3. Serous Membrane (Serosa): Simple Squamous epithelium on areolar CT Parietal layer lines body cavity Visceral layer covers outside of organs Serous fluid secreted by both layers allows organs to slide easily

  6. Serous Membranes To Know: • Peritoneum- membranes of the abdominal cavity and its organs • Pleura- membranes of the lungs and thoracic cavity • Pericardium- Membranes around the heart

  7. CT Membranes Synovial Membranes: Only connective tissue. Fibrous capsules lining joints. Secrete synovial fluid. Line sacs of CT called bursae & tendon sheaths

  8. Let’s go back to the skin, our cutaneous membrane.

  9. Ravaged

  10. Scared

  11. But Repairable!

  12. How did this pimple happen to YOU? • .

  13. Questions? • What is acne? • What causes it? • How is it treated? • What doesn’t cause it? • Who gets it?

  14. In order to find out how we all get pimples, we need to know the parts of the skin. Review parts of the skin

  15. Figure 5.1

  16. What is skin? • Its an organ • Length of replacement? Youth: 28-30 days, Elderly 45-50 days

  17. Is skin the same thing as the integumentary system? • No. • Skin is a cutaneous membrane • Integumentary system includes sweat and oil glands, hair, and nails. • Integument= covering

  18. What are the jobs of the skin? • Regulates heat loss. • Excretory functions for urea, salts, and water. • Water Retention • Manufactures proteins • Synthesizes vitamin D • Integrate with the nervous system for touch sensation

  19. What are the three layers of the skin? *

  20. What is the job of the epidermis? • Keratinizes: becomes hard for protection • Avascular: only the lowest level of the epidermis gain nutrients. That means: the skin you see is all dead! Shedding skin doesn’t hurt!!! • Contains Melanin: pigment produced by melanocytes.

  21. Layers of the Epidermis

  22. Layers of Epidermis • Stratum Basale – deepest, only epidermal cells • Stratum Spinosum-make Keratinocytes • Stratum Granulosum-fuse cells together • Stratum Lucidum – only on hands/feet • Stratum Corneum – top layer, filled with keratin

  23. Epidermis Skin Layers Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale

  24. Skin Color • Melanin (yellow, reddish brown, or black) • Carotene • Oxygen bound to hemoglobin in dermal blood vessels • Poorly oxygenated blood causes cyanosis

  25. What do Melanocytes do? • Produces pigment to protect the cells DNA.

  26. Alterations in Skin Color • Redness (erythema) – embarrassment, fever, allergy • Pallor (blanching) – fear, anger • Jaundice (yellow) – liver disorder, excess bile • Bruises – blood escaped circulated and clots in tissue spaces

  27. What is the job of the dermis? • Its leather. Protective, strong, living, and houses many other tissues. • Sweat Glands: maintain body temp. Excrete waste. • Hair follicles/bulbs: for warmth • Nerves: pain, pressure, temperature • Blood vessels: maintain body temp

  28. 2 Regions of Dermis • Papillary layer – contain capillaries for nutrients for epidermis • pain and touch receptors • Regulates temperature

  29. 2 Regions of Dermis • Reticular Layer – deepest skin layer • Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors • Thick collagen strengthens skin

  30. Papillary and Reticular Layers

  31. What is an appendage of the skin? • Append= to hang on • These are things that “hang on” or are attached to the skin. • Appendages include: Glands, Hair, and Nails • All appendages are part of the epidermis

  32. What is the job of hair and hair follicles? • Guards the head and eyes as well as respiratory tract from particles & impact. • Head Hair • Eyebrows & eyelashes • Nostrils • All other body hair is a vestigial feature. • Hair Follicles grow hair

  33. What are the parts of the hair follicle? • Root of hair is enclosed in the hair follicle (The hair bulb matrix= zone of growth which contains melanin). • Hair grows up the shaft to the surface of the skin. • The bulk of hair is dead. There are 3 layers to hair: 1) Medulla, 2) Cortex, 3) Cuticle (Protection against abrasion, Damage=Split Ends)

  34. Hair Growth

  35. What makes hair look different? • The amount of melanin secreted • The shape of the hair is regulated by the shape of the hair follicle which changes the shape of the hair shaft. • Round Hair (straight shaft)= Straight and Coarse • Oval Hair= Wavy and Smooth • Curley Hair (hooked shaft)= Flat

  36. What are the parts of the nail? • Used for protection • The root of the nail is embedded in the skin. Grows from the nail matrix. The cells are heavily Keratinized & die. • Extends along the nail bed. • Lunula – moon shaped beginning of nail Fig5.4 pg. 104 Lun= moon

  37. Nail Growth

  38. What do the cutaneous glands do? • Exocrine glands that secrete onto the surface of the skin. Sebaceous & Sweat • Sebaceous Glands- Produce oil all over the body. Sebum used for softening, water retention, killing bacteria. Increases when testosterone is produced= Oily skin. • Sweat Glands- helps maintain homeostasis

  39. What are the two types of sweat glands? • Eccrine Glands: Cover Body, Contain H2O, Salt, Vit. C, Wastes, Lactic Acid • pH 4-6: antibacterial • Sweat pores are not easily visible, Contain nerve endings for regulation • Develop 4th month gestation

  40. And the Other One? • Apocrine glands- auxiliary and genital areas. Ducts empty into hair follicles. • Milky-yellowish in color, odorless. Body odor occurs when bacteria eat it. *Thought to be used in excreting pheromones* • Axilla, groin, areolae, bearded face of males • Develop 6th month gestation. Pheromones And Mates

  41. Back to those acne questions

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