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The American Revolution: 1775-1783 - A Turning Point in History

Explore the events, strategies, and aftermath of the American Revolution, and learn how it shaped the birth of a new nation. Discover the struggles, victories, and weaknesses of both the American colonies and the British forces.

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The American Revolution: 1775-1783 - A Turning Point in History

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  1. The American Revolution: 1775-1783

  2. On the Eve of the Revolution

  3. Loyalist Strongholds

  4. Washington’s Headaches • Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. • State/colony loyalties. • Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. • Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

  5. Exports & Imports: 1768-1783

  6. Military Strategies The Americans The British • Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. • Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] • Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. • Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. • Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. • “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

  7. Phase I:The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]

  8. Lexington and ConcordApril 1775

  9. Paul Revere, frontman for hitmaking 1960s rock band the Raiders, dies at 76

  10. Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

  11. “The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.” -John Adams (to his wife) Declaration of Independence

  12. Phase II: NY & PA[1777-1778]

  13. New York City in Flames(1776)

  14. Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

  15. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War A modern-day re-enactment

  16. Phase III:The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

  17. Britain’s “Southern Strategy” • Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. • Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. • The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!] • Good US General:Nathanial Greene

  18. The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau AdmiralDe Grasse

  19. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: “The World Turned Upside Down!” Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

  20. Why did the British Lose???

  21. North America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783

  22. Officers in the Continental Army plotted to overthrow the government. They were angry because they had not been paid. Washington convinced them not to go through with their plans. Newburgh Conspiracy Crisis

  23. Articles of Confederation Government: 1781-1789

  24. WholesalePriceIndex:1770-1789

  25. Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the End of the War

  26. Weaknesses of theArticles of Confederation • A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law]. • 13 out of 13 to amend. • Representatives were frequently absent. • Could not tax or raise armies. • No executive or judicial branches.

  27. State Constitutions • Republicanism. • Most had strong governors with veto power. • Most had bicameral legislatures. • Property required for voting. • Some had universal white male suffrage. • Most had bills of rights. • Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

  28. Occupational Composition of Several State Assembliesin the 1780s

  29. Indian Land Cessions:1768-1799

  30. Disputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the U. S.:1783-1796

  31. State Claims to Western Lands

  32. Land Ordinance of 1785

  33. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress! • Statehood achieved in three stages: • Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory. • When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners  elect territorial legislature. • When population reached 60,000  elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

  34. The United States in 1787

  35. American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789

  36. Annapolis Convention (1786) • 12 representatives from 5 states[NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA] • GOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states. • Not enough states were represented to make any real progress. • Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

  37. Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-87 • Daniel Shays • Western MA • Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes. • Demonstrates the weakness of the AOC government because it cannot put down the rebellion

  38. Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-87

  39. Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-87 There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders. -- George Washington

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