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How Things are Designed and How Things Move

How Things are Designed and How Things Move. Robert Love, Venkat Jayaraman June 26, 2008 SSTP Seminar – Lecture 3. Overview. Organizational Details Presentation Design, CAD, Automobiles, Mechanisms, Dynamics Discussion Activity Brief CAD sketch Aircraft Dynamics. Design.

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How Things are Designed and How Things Move

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  1. How Things are Designed and How Things Move Robert Love, Venkat Jayaraman June 26, 2008 SSTP Seminar – Lecture 3

  2. Overview • Organizational Details • Presentation • Design, CAD, Automobiles, Mechanisms, Dynamics • Discussion • Activity • Brief CAD sketch • Aircraft Dynamics UF Flight Controls Lab

  3. Design • Carnegie Mellon definition: • "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state" • Problem or need is identified, often by a customer with specifications • Solution is designed • Conceptual Design (brainstorming, trade studies) • Preliminary Design (testing, initial modeling, performance, cost) • Detailed Design (more testing, end is final product) • Realization of design (production) • Implementation to meet need • Generally sequential, iterative UF Flight Controls Lab

  4. Design in a Nutshell UF Flight Controls Lab

  5. Design • What are some methodologies? • Bio-Inspired, ergonomic, aesthetic , usability • KISS principle-No Rube Goldberg Machines! • User centered vs. Use-centered • Form vs. Function • Best way to catch a mouse? UF Flight Controls Lab

  6. Engineering drawing CAD software Computer aided machining Computer aided engineering How automobiles move Engine System Manual transmission system Overview

  7. Convey the following information Geometry Dimensions Tolerances Material Finish Engineering drawing

  8. Why Use CAD? • Drawing complex parts by hand not easy • Ease of modifications • Standards • Cost Reduction UF Flight Controls Lab

  9. Drafting – Autocad, Alibre, Solidedge layout Solid Modelling – Pro E, Solidworks, Ideas, Solidedge, Unigraphics Analysis – Ansys, CATIA,Nisa, Nastran CAD softwares

  10. CAM – Programming tool that helps manufacture physical model using CAD softwares. Implemented by CNC machines CAD drawing -> G-Code -> Computer controlled manufacturing processes such as turning and drilling Computer aided manufacturing

  11. Use of information technology in tasks such as analysis, simulation and design CAE areas covers Stress analysis on components - FEA (Finite element analysis) Thermal and fluid flow analysis -CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) Mechanical event simulation Optimization Phases of CAE Pre-processing – defining the model and environmental factors to be applied to it Analysis solver – High performance computers Post processing – Visualization of results Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)

  12. Engine system – Converts gasoline into motion Four major strokes – Intake, Compression, Power and exhaust Engine system Main parts of engine are Piston Crankshaft Connecting rod Valves Ports Sump Spark plug

  13. Increasing stroke displacement Increasing compression ratio Cramming more air fuel mixture into each cylinder Cooling the incoming air Allowing intake and exhaust mixture to flow more easily Lighter parts Increasing Engine Power

  14. Transmits the motion from the engine to the wheels Manual transmission

  15. Mechanisms • Def: Some combination of parts and linkages to perform a function • Types of Mechanisms • Linear Motion • Rotary Motion • Intermittent Motion • Reciprocating Motion • Oscillating Motion • Irregular Motion • Examples UF Flight Controls Lab

  16. Analyzing Things • Statics • Description of behaviors without movement • Dynamics • Kinematics: study of motion without respect to the forces applied • Kinetics: study of motion under the influence of forces UF Flight Controls Lab

  17. Simplified Models • Important Concepts: • Inertial Reference Frame vs. Body Fixed Reference Frame • Right vs. Left Handed Coordinate System • Scalars, Vectors and Matrices, Coordinate Transformations, Transport Theorem • Identify Degrees of Freedom • Dealing with Forces: Newton’s Laws • Tip: Look for symmetry! • Tip: Note assumptions! UF Flight Controls Lab

  18. Flight Dynamics How many degrees of freedom does an aircraft have? UF Flight Controls Lab

  19. References • http://www.victorpest.com/mouse_instructions.htm • http://www.blendernation.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/mousetrap_30.jpg • http://www.aiaadbf.org/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(technology) • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Atlas_V_551_with_New_Horizons_on_Lauch_Pad_41.jpg/396px-Atlas_V_551_with_New_Horizons_on_Lauch_Pad_41.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Atlas_V_551_with_New_Horizons_on_Lauch_Pad_41.jpg&h=599&w=396&sz=65&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=NMIKH-Os41g_KM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Datlas%2BV%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN • http://www.flying-pig.co.uk/mechanisms/index.html • http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mechanical-Engineering/index.htm • http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/rotations.html UF Flight Controls Lab

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