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Roman Art

Roman Art. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/categories/roman-temples. Warm-Up. Get a textbook. Look up the temple of Fortuna Virilis, an Etruscan recreation, and the Parthenon. Write 5-7 sentences comparing the 3 styles of temple We will be turning these in 5-10 minutes. Roman Art.

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Roman Art

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  1. Roman Art http://www.sacred-destinations.com/categories/roman-temples

  2. Warm-Up • Get a textbook. • Look up the temple of Fortuna Virilis, an Etruscan recreation, and the Parthenon. • Write 5-7 sentences comparing the 3 styles of temple • We will be turning these in 5-10 minutes

  3. Roman Art • Two Main Periods: 1. Republican (c. 509-27 BCE) 2. Imperial (27 BCE – 395 CE) • At its height, the Empire stretched from England to Egypt, and from Spain to southern Russia • Absorbed conquered cultures

  4. Roman Architecture Basics • Developed from necessity of numbers • Monumental, Functional • Styles • Greek post and lintel temples • Etruscan and Roman Arch, Vault, and Dome • Concrete • strong, cheap, flexible • added a facing of more attractive stone (façade)

  5. Greek vs. Roman

  6. Warm-Up(this is an actual AP short answer question) • Analyze how this Roman temple is similar to and different from a Greek temple

  7. Republican Architecture • Mostly built over in Imperial period • Illustrates influence of Hellenistic architecture

  8. Model of the Sanctuary of Fortuna PrimigeniaPalestrina, Italy. 100 BCE

  9. Sanctuary of Fortuna PrimigeniaToday

  10. Model of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia 100 BCE • Built w/ cement • Covered with veneer • Includes; • Exedrae • Arcades • colonnades Semi domed archway Row of arches Row of columns

  11. Temple of Fortuna Virilis, 150 BCE

  12. Temple of Fortuna Virilis, 150 BCE • Etruscan influence • high podium (Etruscan) • deep porch (Etruscan) • Single wide cella • Engaged columns • Greek influence • Ionic columns • Ionic entablature • Religious and Secular

  13. Plan of Fortuna Virilis • Includes: • Cella • Pseudo - Peripteral

  14. Temple of the Sibyl, 50 BCE • Based on traditional round peasant huts • Cement interior • Graceful lines • Corinthian capitals • Perfect balance

  15. Imperial Architecture • Largely civic – dedicated to emperors • occasionally use Greek style temples

  16. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, c. AD 1

  17. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, c. AD 1 • Temple from the Imperial Period • Elegant detail • Not over done (stately!)

  18. Pont du Gard.Aqueduct Bridge

  19. Pont du Gard 1st Century CE • Imperial Period • Construction projects designed for efficiency rather than beauty • Order • Permanence

  20. Colosseum, 80 CE • Imperial Period • Concrete core • Barrel vault • Groin vault • Engaged columns • Doric • Ionic • Corinthian

  21. Detail of the Colosseum Groin Vaults

  22. Colosseum

  23. Interior of Colosseum

  24. Interior of Colosseum

  25. Cultures designate sacred space in a variety of ways to accommodate both religious beliefs and practices. Select and fully identify two examples of sacred spaces from different cultures. Discuss how each space accommodated both religious beliefs and practices within its culture. (30 minutes Representation of the human body is often unique to each culture. Select and fully identify two works of art from distinctly different cultures/periods. Discuss how these works of art reflect the values of their culture.

  26. Warm-Up • How does this building, especially in its use of light and space break from the traditional Greco-Roman temple?

  27. What is the meaning of light? • The light of truth • The light of reason • Divine light • Shimmering rain • Echoing thunder

  28. Pantheon, 118 CE

  29. Pantheon, 118 CE • Imperial Period • Uninterrupted interior space • Deep porch • Dome is a true hemisphere • Gilded coffered ceiling • Oculus

  30. Pantheon Interior • Oculus (eye)- Circular opening • Coffers- Recessed panels on ceiling  lighter

  31. Pantheon Drawing

  32. Basilica Architecture • Originally used for public baths

  33. Roman Baths • Plan of baths of Caracalla

  34. Arch of Titus, 81 CE http://www.sacred-destinations.com/categories/roman-temples • Imperial period • Triumphal procession of the conquest of Jerusalem • Movement of crowd figures in depth • Historical narrative SMARTHISTORY

  35. Spoils from the Temple in JerusalemRelief from Arch of Titus 81 CE • Historical Narrative

  36. Triumph of TitusRelief from Arch of Titus 81 CE

  37. Detail of Arch of Titus • Horses are in strict profile view • Titus is seen in frontal view • Contradictory spatial relationships

  38. Arch of Constantine 312-15 CE Took detail from arches of great emperors to prove legitimacy. SMARTHISTORY

  39. Arch of Constantine • NOTE – changing state of sculpture – away from realism towards a stylized idealism and simplification • Illustrates – war against Maxentious and worship of emperor • NOTE – C. tries to create a link to past but style points to a new direction. Note- stacking vs. deeper relief, stylized drapery vs. wet drapery, no background vs. natural background (better artist or new style?)

  40. Basilica of Constantine 320 CE • Imperial Period • Derived from main hall of the public baths • Consisted of barrel vaults and high groin vaults • Creates a light and airy quality • Served multiple civic and religious functions

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