Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. Kinetic Molecular Theory Part #2

2. Rule #1 • All matter is made up of particles (molecules) that are constantly moving. (Movement like vibration in solids, and flying around freely, like in a gas)

3. Rule #2 • The molecules of matter move at different speeds depending on their state, their energy level, and their molecular attraction. • Solids – Low energy – High attraction ( high density) • Liquids – More energy than solids – Looser attraction (less density) • Gases – More energy than liquids – Bond/ attraction completely broken/ free. (low density)

4. Rule #3 • The amount of thermal (heat) energy you apply to a state of matter affects the amount of kinetic (physical) energy the molecules have. • The more heat you put on particles, the more they move around. • The colder you make particles the more they slow down.

5. Rule #4 • By adding to or taking away thermal energy (heat) from the different states of matter, you can change their state and the strength of their molecular attractions. • Example – Adding thermal energy to a solid makes it a liquid (melting). (looser attraction) • Example – Taking thermal energy away from a gas makes it a liquid. (condensation) (actually strengthens the attraction)

6. Rule #5 • The temperature of the matter is actually a measure of the energy contained in the substance.

7. Volume and Shape

8. Solids • Fixed Shape – Meaning it is in a shape that doesn’t change to what you put it in. • Fixed Volume – Means you can measure it’s size.

9. Liquids • Non-Fixed Shape – Takes the shape of whatever you put in. • Fixed Volume – Can be measured

10. Gases • Non-fixed shape – Can be compressed to fit wherever you want. • Non-fixed volume – Can be compressed to create whatever amount you want.