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Sexual Selection and Mortality Rates

Sexual Selection and Mortality Rates. Yvette Aranas & Mercedes Pineda Dr. Mills Psych 452. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology . 2, 66 - 85. Video:. Why Women Live Longer Than Men.

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Sexual Selection and Mortality Rates

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  1. Sexual Selection and Mortality Rates Yvette Aranas & Mercedes Pineda Dr. Mills Psych 452 Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  2. Video: Why Women Live Longer Than Men. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  3. Introduction: The Study • Looked at the lifespan in 20 different countries and the past 70 years, in only 5 of those countries. • Results show similarities of MR among the different countries across all causes of death. • Differences with sexual selection interaction, along with aspects of culture and environment contributes to the high male MR. • Mortality ratio increases as general mortality rates decrease. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  4. Main critical points • Females live longer: • Males tend to have competition amongst themselves for chances at sexual reproduction. • Males are willing to risk more & invest less time in the repair capacity. • The survival of offspring depends on maternal care rather than paternal care. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  5. Continued… • Historical changes significantly affected the mortality rate: • Decline of infectious diseases. • Increase of mortality [in]directly caused by behavior through: • Increase population size • Mobility • Domestication of animals • Public health measures • Medicine • Increase availability of tobacco, cars, weapons, etc. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  6. Continued… • In modern days: • Male lifespan peak at young adulthood rather than in later adulthood as in females; • Highest differences for direct behavioral causes of death • Mortality is now due to more external causes compared to earlier times. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  7. Figure 1: 2000 M:F MR by Age and Cause in the USA Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  8. Figure 2: Composition of Excess Male Life Years Lost by Cause Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  9. Figure 3: M:F MR in 2000 by Age in 20 Countries Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  10. Time to test your knowledge! Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  11. 1. This study examined the M:F MR over the course of a lifespan in ___ countries. • 10 • 5 • 20 • 15 2. Which one is NOT a historical or cultural influence on M:F MR? • Domestication of animals • Availability of automobiles • Availability of antibiotics • Feminism Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  12. 3. From an evolutionary perspective, why do women generally outlive men? • Women are not wired to take any risks at all. • The survival of the offspring depends more on maternal care. • Culture tells males to take more risks; the fact that males take these risks has nothing to do with evolution at all. • Actually, women DON’T out live males, males outlive females. Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

  13. 4. In humans, females generally have a higher mortality rate than males. • True • False 5. The results showed that the peak of external causes for mortality rate in males generally occurred during young adulthood. • True • False 6. M:F MR are exactly the same in all countries examined in this study. • True • False Kruger, D.J. & Nesse, R. M. (2004). Sexual selection and the Male: Female Mortality Ratio. Evolutionary Psychology. 2, 66 - 85.

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