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Matter and Atomic Structure. Chap. 3. What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter. What makes a gold atom different from a silver atom?. Objectives. What are elements? – 3.1. Describe the particles within atoms and the structure of atoms
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Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 • What are elements? • How atoms combine • States of matter
Objectives What are elements? – 3.1 • Describe the particles within atoms and the structure of atoms • Relate the energy levels of atoms to the chemical properties of elements • Define the concept of isotopes
Element Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.
Element • Element names Carbon 6 C 12.011
Element • Element names • Element symbols Carbon 6 C 12.011
Element • Element names • Element symbols • Elements are made of atoms
Atom Smallest particle of an element.
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Protons
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Protons • Neutrons
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Protons • Neutrons nucleus
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Atomic number
Atomic number Number of protons. proton neutron
Atomic number Number of protons. proton neutron 5
Atoms • Composed of 3 particles • Atomic number • Mass number
Mass number Sum of the number of protons and neutrons proton neutron
Mass number Sum of the number of protons and neutrons proton neutron 11
Atoms • Electrons in Energy Levels
Electron Energy Levels Energy levelElectron Capacity First 2 Second 8 Third 18 Fourth 32
Self Check – Ex. 1 Draw a model of the lithium-7 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Self Check – Ex. 2 Draw a model of the chlorine-35 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atoms • Electrons in Energy Levels • Core electrons
Atoms • Electrons in Energy Levels • Core electrons • Valence electrons
Valence electron Outermost electron found in a shell.
Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes • Isotopes have different masses
Isotopes • Isotopes have different masses • Nature contains a variety of isotopes
Isotopes • Isotopes have different masses • Nature contains a variety of isotopes • Isotopes used to find atomic mass of element
Atomic mass The average of the masses of each isotope present for a give element.
Isotopes • Radioactivity
Radioactivity The spontaneous decay of an atom’s nucleus into a new nucleus.
Abundance • In Universe
Abundance • In Universe • In Earth’s crust
How atoms combine – 3.2 Objectives • Describe the chemical bonds that unit atoms to form compounds • Relate the nature of chemical bonds that hold compounds together to the physical structures of compounds • Distinguish between different types of mixtures and solutions
Compound More than one element chemically combined.
Compounds • Covalent compounds share electrons
Compounds • Covalent compounds share electrons • Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron set
Compounds • Covalent compounds share electrons • Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron set • Sharing may not be equal: this makes polar molecules
Compounds • Ionic compounds transfer electrons
Compounds • Ionic compounds transfer electrons • When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______