“System of Key Indicators of Infancy and Adolescence” (SICIA)

1. “System of Key Indicators of Infancy and Adolescence” (SICIA) Dr. Silvia Carrasco Instituto de Infancia y Mundo Urbano (CIIMU). Barcelona.

2. Introduction • From Youth Council to Youth Research • From Youth Reseach to Youth Policies • The Consortium for Childhood and the Urban World (CIIMU) • The System of Key Indicators for Infancy and Adolescence (SICIA) • The Youth System Indicators (SIJ)

3. Methodologial Issues • From Ethnography to Statistics, 3 Key Questions • How to measure children development ? • Individual / Social • How to quantify the quality (of life)? • Etic/ Emic data • How to compare cross-culturally?

4. ConceptualIssues • Minors as a Statistical Concept: weight of schooling & developmental approach (stages) • Minors as a Social Concept: minors/agents? • Minors as a Cultural Concept: Learners/goods? • Minors’ situation as a complex social indicator? • Life-course development • Social development

5. The SICIA in 3 steps • Biannual Report on Children and Families (2002, 2004-5, 2006-7), Barcelona Council • Panel on Adolescence and Families (since 2004), Authonomous Government of Catalonia • Childhood in Numbers (since 2006), Spanish Ministry for Social Affairs

6. SICIA as Cooperative Research • SICIA is a collective work • of a multidisciplinary team • based on a single theoretical concept of children/childhood and the family • applying a common methodology to produce all the indicators

7. Aims of the Project • To offer society a System of Key Indicators that can show information about infancy and families • To evaluate the quality of life of children between 0 - 17 years of age and families in Catalonia and Spain • To increase the knowledge and understanding of this reality, putting childhood at the top in the agenda • To establish comparisons on a territorial and temporal level • To detect the needs of infants and families over time, with special attention to emerging trends, needs and scenarios • To guide policies aimed at this sector of the population, evaluating their adequacy to the needs revealed

8. Methodology • The exploitation of existing statistical data and secondary sources • The establishment of agreements and conventions for collaboration with centres that produce data • The creation and exploitation of primary sources

9. 1. The exploitation of existingstatistical data • Official data: • Data from statistics and surveys regulated by the 1997-2000 Legislative Plan for Spain. These sets of data are managed by the INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística) or by the different ministries and secretariats in charge. We are also referring to data managed by Councils, Autonomous Communities and European data. • Other stable data: periodical and trustworthy surveys. • Other non-stable surveys, but with relevant information. • Complementary sources (reports, research projects, quantitative and qualitative studies, etc.)

10. 2. The establishment of agreements and conventions • Collaboration with different data production centres (deliver & use) • These institutions should not be mere transmitters of data, but rather genuine collaborating agents, who are implied in the process of producing and creating the System of Infant Indicators • Agreements

11. 3. The exploitation and creation of primary sources • Analysis of the intentions of public policies, programmes and services on a local level. • Comparison with European recommendations and policies • Creation of our own Instruments or adaptations of those already in existence.

12. The SICIA System • Socio-demography • Family forms • Family Policies • Education • Health • Identities and Consumption • Transition to Work • Social Exclusion • Gender • Migration

13. 1. Socio-demography 1. Population 0-17 by sex and age 2. Index of child and juvenile dependency 3. Births 4. Present fecundity rate 5. Gross birth rate 6. Average age of maternity 7. Births by age of mother 8. Births out of wedlock by age of mother 9. Births in second or later marriages

14. 2. Family forms 1. Population 0-17 by age groups and type of household 2. Population 0-17 by age groups and type of family nucleus 3. Population 0-17 by age groups and type of household 4. Households with population of 0-17 by number of members 5. Children by age groups and type of family nucleus 6. Married nuclei with children 0-17 by number of children 7. Nuclei with established partners with children 0-17 by sexual orientation of couple and number of children 8. Single parent nuclei 0-17 by sex of parent and number of children 9. Single parent nuclei 0-17 by sex and age group of parent 10. Single parent nuclei 0-17 by age of children and sex of parent

15. 3. Family Policies: social protection 1. Expenditure on family allowance as a percentage of Gross National Product 2. Public expenditure in monetary transfers to families. Percentage of direct financial subsidies with respect to GDP. 3. Public expenditure on family services. Percentage with respect to GDP 4. Public expenditure on old people of more than 65 years. Percentage with respect to GDP. 5. Social subsidies for the family and children. 6. Use of maternity subsidies with respect to number of births per year. 7. Use of maternity leave with respect to births per year. 8. Coverage level of subsidies for children under guardianship.

16. 3. Family Policies: social exclusion 9. Poverty risk rate after social transfers for population aged 0 to 16 years 10. Poverty risk rate after social transfers by type of home 11. Children of 0 to 17 years that live in a home where no member is employed 12. Persistent family poverty rate by age groups and sex 13. Incidence of poverty and persistent poverty by age groups and sex 14. Percentage distribution by age groups of non-poor people, poor people,and persistently poor people 15. Households according to difficulties to cover costs by composition 16. Households according to saving capacity by composition

17. 4. Education: schooling 1. Students by stage of schooling and type of school (public/private*) 2. Infant, primary and secondary pupils by type of school by area 3. First cycle infant education pupils (0-3 years) by age groups and type of school 4. Primary education pupils (6-11) by type of school 5. Compulsory secondary education pupils (ESO) (12-16 years) by type of school 6. Post-compulsory secondary education pupils by type of studies (Professional Training or University path) 7. Schooling rate of first cycle infant education (0-3 years) 8. Infant care centres by type of centre and children attended 9. Offer of places and unmet demand in the first cycle of infant education (0-3 years) by type of school 10. Achievement rate of students by stage (and other*)

18. 5. Transition from School to Work 1. Number of 16 year olds that have worked at any time during the previous year 2. Population of 16 and 17 years by activity / inactivity 3. Unemployed population of 16 and 17 years old 4. Employed population of 16 and 17 years old (disagregate students and non-students; type of studies completed/in progress)

19. 6. Health 1. Death rate by age, and main diagnostic causes 2. Death rate due to external causes by age and types of cause 3. Main cause of hospitalisation by age and diagnostic cause 4. Diseases of mandatory declaration by age 5. Drug and alcohol use by age (disagregate by type) 6. Eating behaviour disorders by age 7. Measures for pregnancy prevention by age (disagregate by type of measure used) 8. Teenage pregnancy rate by age 9. Mental health disorders by age and type of disorder) 10. Early vaccination and medical follow up by age

20. 7. Identities and Consumption 1. Cinema attendance frequency by age 2. TV watching by age 3. Radio listening by age 4. DVD rental by age (disagregate movies and video games) 5. ICT uses by age (disagregate by device, place and type of use) 6. Magazine readership by age 7. Book readership by age 8. Sports practised by sex (type of sport) 9. Leisure activities performed (other than previous) by age 10. Available leisure time by age (self-declared belonging/identifying with groups; open group naming/labelling)

21. 8. Poverty and social exclusion • Poverty 1. Relative poverty by age 2. Persistent poverty by age • First aid 3. Population cared for by first aid social services by age 4. Infant population cared for by first aid social services by age • Institutional care 5. Infant population cared for by EAIA by official status and age 6. Number of professionals/institution by number of children and youth in care • Juvenile Justice 7. Children and youth (below 18) in internship by type of measure, type of crime and age 8. Children and youth (below 18) in open environment by measure, type of crime and age • Maltreatment and Violence 9. Children and youth victims of agression by type of agression and relation with agressor 10. Incidence of bullying in school settings (11. Incidence of maltreatment and violence against adults by children and youth)

22. The SICIA System • Socio-demography • Family forms • Family Policies • Education • Health • Identities and Consumption • Transition to Work • Social Exclusion • Gender • Migration

23. Comparative possibilities and realities

24. Further steps • From national to international indicators • From Western to World Indicators • From General to Syntetic Indicators • From Primary to Tertiary Indicatiors • From Quantitative to Qualitative Indicators .....and beyond

25. Thanks a lot! “System of Key Indicators of Infancy and Adolescence” (SICIA) Dr. Silvia Carrasco Instituto de Infancia y Mundo Urbano (CIIMU). Barcelona.