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The Organization of Labor in the United States: 1865-1900

The Organization of Labor in the United States: 1865-1900. The Need for Brotherhood. Poor Working Conditions. Rise of the Machines. Little to no Job Security. Low Wages. Increasing Labor Pool. Need for United Stand against Big Industry. Economic Crises: Booms and Busts.

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The Organization of Labor in the United States: 1865-1900

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  1. The Organization of Labor in the United States: 1865-1900

  2. The Need for Brotherhood Poor Working Conditions Rise of the Machines Little to no Job Security Low Wages Increasing Labor Pool Need for United Stand against Big Industry Economic Crises: Booms and Busts

  3. Union Animosity/Un-American Communal wages and work rules Strikes stop business and America is business Imported from Europe, hints of Socialism and anarchism The Irony of America Industry is allowed to grow and make trusts and pool, But workers are NOT allowed to organize and combine

  4. The National Labor Union Founded: 1866 Dissolved: 1873 Attempted to combine all Local Trade unions Skilled and Un-skilled labor allowed to hoin Farmers added later/Blacks excluded (C.N.L.U.) Strikes in America: Railroad Strikes of 1877 wage reductions federal troops called in Fought For: 8 Hour workday (adopted by U.S. government) Banning Chinese workers

  5. Founded in 1869 in Philadelphia Terrence Powderley expands Union by 1873 Membership of unskilled and skilled Women and blacks allowed membership (1878) More secretive and other trade unions (freemasonry) The Knights of Labor Union Objectives: End Child Labor and Convict Labor Equal Pay for Women Cooperativel ownership of Mines and Factories Progressive Income Tax Supported Various Strikes • Decline: • Linked to strikes (Haymarket Strike) • Unsuccessful strikes • Union infighting • Linkage to Populist Party • Members leave for Socialists and IWW

  6. May 1-4, 1886 The Haymarket Square Riot

  7. The Truly Radical Element Anarchists: The state is useless or unwanted therefore advocating a stateless society.

  8. Founded: 1886 by Samuel Gompers American Federation of Labor Formed on heels of K.O.L. failures Membership was skilled workers only Exclusion of black workers and women Overview of A.F.L. Philosophy Do NOT fight capitalism, seek fair share Strike, boycott, walkout, negotiate. All WORK. Membership dues required Promoted closed shop hiring

  9. A Federation of Unions Each Trade Union was autonomous from the whole Unions were encourage to “take care” of their own unions The AFL was like the umbrella sheltering the individual unions

  10. Union Membership Growth

  11. Pittsburgh Steel Mill Homestead Steel Strike Call for 22% wage cut Union locked out Non-Union called in to work Pinkertons called in to put down strike at Carnegie’s factory Pinkerton’s Defeated Pennsylvania Militia called in

  12. Chicago Railcar Factory: 1894 Pullman Car Strike Panic of 1893 cuts demand Pullman cuts wages 12 hour workdays Cut wages but no lowering of rents Nation wide sympathy strikes Rail traffic slows heavily Eugene V. Debs leads Blacks brought in as replacement work Strike become violent US Soldiers sent in by Grover Cleveland

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