Muckraker: John Spargo Issue: Child Labor- His Book raised awareness

1. Muckraker: John SpargoIssue: Child Labor- His Book raised awareness Socialist writer and advocate against child labor child

2. Excerpt from Spargo�s book �The Bitter Cry of the Children� The textile industries rank first in the enslavement of children. In the cotton trade, for example, 13.3 per cent of all persons employed throughout the United States are under sixteen years of age. In the Southern states, where the evil appears at its worst, so far as the textile trades are concerned, the proportion of employees under sixteen years ofage in 1900 was 25.1 per cent, in Alabama the proportion was nearly 30 per cent.

3. Breaker boys

4. Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous. Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed and bent-backed like old men. When a boy has been working for some time and begins to get round-shouldered, his fellows say that "He's got his boy to carry around whenever he goes." The coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the foundations for asthma and miners' consumption.

5. Breaker boys

6. Breaker boys in the coal mine

7. Pervasive coal dust caused black lung disease, asthma, consumption and a host of other problems

8. The inhalation and accumulation of coal dust into the lungs increases the risk of developing emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Coal dust can also increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What causes coal workers' pneumoconiosis? The inhalation and accumulation of coal dust causes coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). This stems from working in a coal mine, coal trimming (loading and stowing coal for storage), mining or milling graphite, and manufacturing carbon electrodes (used in certain types of large furnaces) and carbon black (a compound used in many items, such as tires and other rubber goods). Because CWP is a reaction to accumulated dust in the lungs, it may appear and get worse during your exposure to the dust or after your exposure has ceased.

10. Deleterious affects of child labor they are usually behind other children in height, weight, and girth of chest, - often as much two or three years. If my little Paterson friend was thirteen, perhaps the nature of her employment will explain her puny, stunted body. She works in the "steaming room" of the flax mill. All day long, in a room filled with clouds of steam, she has to stand barefooted in pools of water twisting coils of wet hemp. When I saw her she was dripping wet though she said that she had worn a rubber apron all day. In the coldest evenings of winter little Marie, and hundreds of other little girls, must go out from the superheated steaming rooms into the bitter cold in just that condition. No wonder that such children are stunted and underdeveloped.

11. What�s she thinking?

12. Child labor cartoons

14. Temperance & Prohibition

18. Success The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act, which defined "intoxicating liquors" excluding those used for religious purposes and sales throughout the U.S., established Prohibition in the United States. Its ratification was certified on January 16, 1919.

19. Birth Control-Margaret Sanger

20. �her mother, a devout Catholic went through 18 pregnancies (with 11 live births)[1] before dying of tuberculosis and cervical cancer.� http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sanger Sanger felt that in order for women to have a more �equal footing� in society and to have physically and mentally healthy lives, they needed to be able to decide when a pregnancy would be most convenient for themselves.[4] In addition, access to birth control would also fulfill a critical psychological need by allowing women to be able to fully enjoy sexual relations without being burdened by the fear of pregnancy Lower East Side with poor women who were repeatedly suffering due to frequent childbirth and self-induced abortions, she began to speak out for the need of women to become knowledgeable about birth control. While she was working on duty as a nurse, Margaret met Sadie Sachs when she was called to her apartment to assist her after she had become extremely ill due to a self-induced abortion. Afterward, Sadie begged the attending doctor to tell her how she could prevent this from happening again, to which the doctor simply gave the advice to remain abstinent.[4] A few months later, Margaret was once again called back to the Sachs� apartment, only this time, Sadie was found dead after yet another self-induced abortion.[4]

21. Lynching

22. Omaha NE

23. Indiana

24. Ida B. Wells- fought to raise awareness about the horrors of lynching and to bring anend to it

25. Lynching of Jewish man Leo Frank GA

26. Theodore RooseveltProgressive-perhaps his greatest legacy was as a Conservationist "...The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem it will avail us little to solve all others."Address to the Deep Waterway Convention, Memphis, Tennessee, October 4, 1907 150 National Forests 51 Federal Bird Reservations 4 National Game Preserves 5 National Parks 18 National Monuments 24 Reclamation Projects 7 Conservation Conferences and Commissions As Governor of New York TR visits Naturalist John Burroughs Learn more about the Antiquities Act which TR signed into law. http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/conservation.htm

27. Grand Teton National park is an example of a place TR wanted to preserve for future generations