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Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law

Section 1: Crime in the United States Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Section 3: Juvenile Crime. Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law. Section 1: Crime in the United States. The Main Idea

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Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law

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  1. Section 1: Crime in the United States Section 2:The Criminal Justice System Section 3: Juvenile Crime Chapter 16Citizenship and the Law

  2. Section 1: Crime in the United States The Main Idea When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime. There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes. Reading Focus • What are five different types of crime? • What are four possible causes of crime? • How do we fight crime in the United States?

  3. Section 1: Crime in the United States Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape

  4. Section 1: Crime in the United States Crime against property: • The majority of crimes • Involves stealing or destroying property—petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson • Robbery involves property and persons.

  5. Section 1: Crime in the United States Different types of crime: • Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, vandalism, arson, robbery • Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice • Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs • White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud • Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool

  6. Hate Crimes [02:49]

  7. Section 1: Crime in the United States Causes of crime: • Poverty • Illegal drug use • Permissive society • Urbanization

  8. Section 1: Crime in the United States Fighting crime: • 1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails. • Crime prevention education is taught in some schools.

  9. SECTION 1 Types of Crime organized crimes victimless crimes white-collarcrimes Question: What are the different types of crime?

  10. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System The Main Idea Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished. Reading Focus • What is the role of police officers in the criminal justice system? • What is the function of the courts after a suspect has been arrested? • How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers?

  11. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Police Officers • Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators • Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic • Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members

  12. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Police Officers (continued) • Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required. • Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills.

  13. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System After a suspect is arrested: • Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning. • Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges dropped or trial is set; bail set • Indictment—a formal charge is made • Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge • Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense • Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes

  14. Consequences [01:14]

  15. Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Punishing lawbreakers: • Fines • Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.) • Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.) • Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)

  16. SECTION 2 Question: What happens after a suspect is arrested? Suspect isarrested Suspect is booked Preliminary hearing Sentenced Trial Arraignment Indictment

  17. Teens and Consequences [01:44]

  18. Section 3: Juvenile Crime The Main Idea Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for some crimes this practice is changing. Reading Focus • What is juvenile crime? • What are some possible causes of juvenile crime? • How does the judicial system handle juveniles who break the law? • What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law? Juvenile Court [02:22]

  19. Section 3: Juvenile Crime Possible causes of juvenile crime: • Poor home conditions • Poor neighborhood conditions • Gang membership • Dropping out of school and unemployment • Alcohol and drugs • Peer pressure

  20. Juvenile Rights [03:20]

  21. Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: • Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death. • 1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding. • Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders.

  22. Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued) • Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders. • 1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process. • Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.

  23. Juvenile Detention Center [01:06]

  24. Section 3: Juvenile Crime Juveniles charged and found guilty • may be placed in a foster home. • may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school. • may be given probation. • may be sent to a boot camp. Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly.

  25. juvenile correctional facility probation Juvenile Punishment Options placement in a training school boot camp SECTION 3 Question: What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law?

  26. Chapter 16 Wrap-Up • 1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime. • 2. What are some causes of crime? • 3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing? • 4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces? • 5. What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency? • 6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime?

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