Presentation Transcript

1. Firms' Access to Knowledge for Innovative Entrepreneurship - The Role of the government on the development of Policy & Program - April 24, 2014 Hiroyuki Tsuzaki
2. Key Kinds of Firms' Access to Knowledge In-House Research & Development (R&D) Technological co-operation between firms Purchase of existing Knowledge (new technologies, certificates, etc.) Collaboration with Academia (universities, research institutes, etc.) Policy Case from Japan Program Case from World Bank 2
3. Collaboration with Academia Interactions between business and academia can take place through a variety of channels, such as: joint research; university consulting arrangements, entrepreneurial activities of faculty and students, etc. Joint knowledge Creation - Joint Research - Contract Research Business Universities Transfer - Licensing - Consulting Accumulated Science & Technology knowledge Personnel Facilities Society Economy Industry Universities spin-offs 3
4. Collaboration with Academia Evidence* from OECD countries shows that interactions with academia can bring a wide range of benefits to firms, such as increases in Product Development, Innovation and Productivity. These benefits have arisen from joint and contract research, and use of consultancy services. (*) Lee, Y. (2000), “The sustainability of university–industry research collaboration: an empirical assessment”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 25, 111–133. Hanel, P., St-Pierre, M. (2006, “Industry–university collaboration by Canadian manufacturing firms”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 31 (4), 485–499. De Fuentes, C., Dutrénit, G. (2012), “Best channels of academia–industry interaction for long-term benefit”, Research Policy, Vol. 41, Issue 9, November 2012, pp. 1666–1682. 4
5. Challenges of Collaboration with Academia Lack of fit between academic research and firms´ research needs (due to the lack of capacities and/or dialogue between academia and firms Lack of intellectual property protection leading to a high risk of involuntary knowledge leakage, such as during technological collaboration between firms. In Georgia, there are little collaboration between business and academia. 5
6. Business-University Collaboration Policy – Japan – Why Japan? The collaboration has been started recently (since 2000) Until then, Japan’s Innovation system was relatively In-House-Oriented which was mainly driven by large corporations Why the government of Japan picked up the collaboration policy? Japan’s economic growth rate has been sluggish since the collapse of the economy boom in the early 1990s. Emerging countries (China and S. Korea) are quickly catching up on the level of technology in electronics and other high-tech. Conducting all required R&D internally is costly in mainly high-tech industries, such as electronics and pharmaceuticals, so shifting to an open innovation model is becoming a pressing issue for Japanese companies. 6
7. Business-University Collaboration Policy – Japan – Since many research universities are national universities in Japan, policy reform on retaining rights to invention were mainly conducted. 7
8. Business-University Collaboration Policy – Japan – Results? By 2010, FIFTY TWO (52) TTOs were established. R&D collaboration with universities has increased over time, and this trend is prominent particularly among small and young firms. It also shows that “commercialization activities (such as product development)” and R&D for “core technology” are often conducted by In-House, while “basic science” and “technology frontier projects” are often conducted through external collaboration with universities 8
9. Matching Grants Program A matching grant is an alternative to encourage firms to invest in activities that they would not consider as a priority to finance using their own resources; however, have great potential to generate growth and development. For instance: Training and capacity building International Certifications R&D for development new products/services 9
10. Matching Grants Program– Croatia: Science & Technology Project – The program (2009 – 2011) funded up to 50 percent of the cost of projects to foster joint research between the Business sector and public research organizations to develop or adapt new products or processes. 22 firms were selected to implement joint research projects 88% developed new products or new services 33% improved products 22% implemented new processes 61% improved competitive position on the domestic market 56% improved competitive position on the international market 39% increased internal capacity for R&D activities and enhanced reputation and image 28% strengthened collaboration and networking with new partners 10
11. THANK YOU