Energy in Ecosystems

1. Energy in Ecosystems Organisms interact in order to obtain energy and resources necessary to survive.

2. Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food. • Auto = self • Also called Producers

3. Heterotrophs • Depend on other organisms for food and energy. • Hetero = other • Also called consumers

4. 5 Types of Heterotrophs

5. Herbivores • Eat only plants/autotrophs

6. Carnivores • Eat other heterotrophs

7. Scavengers/Detrivores • Consume organisms that are already dead

8. Omnivores • Eat both animals and plants • omni = all

9. Detritivores/ Decomposers • Absorb nutrients from dead organisms; break down decaying matter • Fungus, Bacteria

10. Quick Review

11. autotroph • What do you call an organism that can make its own food? • What direction does energy flow thru an ecosystem? • What do you call an organism that eats both animals and plants? • What do you call an organism that absorbs nutrients from dead organisms? Producer  consumer omnivore detrivore

12. Energy Flow • Energy flows thru an ecosystem in one direction: sun autotroph heterotroph

13. Food Chain A model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. • arrows show the direction energy is being transferred.

14. FOOD CHAIN

16. Trophic Level • A feeding step in a food chain that represents each organism.

18. Can you name the trophic levels below?? Tertiary consumer Primary consumer Producer Secondary consumer

19. Food Web Shows all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community.

21. What’s wrong with this food web?

22. Ecology pyramids • Diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. • 3 types

23. Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat 10% Consumers Heat 100% Producers Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level. Pyramid of energy • Only about 10% of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level

24. Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat 10% Consumers Heat 100% Producers Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level. Pyramid of energy • The rest is lost as heat during metabolism

26. Pyramid of Numbers Fox (1) Birds (25) Grasshoppers (250) Grasses (3000) Pyramid of numbers • Based on the number of individual organisms at each trophic level

27. Pyramid of Biomass • The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass. • Represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem.

29. Energy Transfer and Tropic Levels Video

30. Biomagnification

31. How do Toxic Chemicals Affect Food Chains & Food Webs?

32. Toxic Chemicals • Nonbiodegradable materials CANNOT be broken down, remain in environment indefinitely

33. Toxic Chemicals • Biological magnification concentration of harmful nonbiodegradable substance increases in organisms as move up food chain

34. Biomagnification of DDT Video