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Energy in Ecosystems. Organisms interact in order to obtain energy and resources necessary to survive. Autotrophs. Organisms that make their own food. Auto = self Also called Producers. Heterotrophs. Depend on other organisms for food and energy. Hetero = other Also called consumers.
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Energy in Ecosystems Organisms interact in order to obtain energy and resources necessary to survive.
Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food. • Auto = self • Also called Producers
Heterotrophs • Depend on other organisms for food and energy. • Hetero = other • Also called consumers
Herbivores • Eat only plants/autotrophs
Carnivores • Eat other heterotrophs
Scavengers/Detrivores • Consume organisms that are already dead
Omnivores • Eat both animals and plants • omni = all
Detritivores/ Decomposers • Absorb nutrients from dead organisms; break down decaying matter • Fungus, Bacteria
autotroph • What do you call an organism that can make its own food? • What direction does energy flow thru an ecosystem? • What do you call an organism that eats both animals and plants? • What do you call an organism that absorbs nutrients from dead organisms? Producer consumer omnivore detrivore
Energy Flow • Energy flows thru an ecosystem in one direction: sun autotroph heterotroph
Food Chain A model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. • arrows show the direction energy is being transferred.
Trophic Level • A feeding step in a food chain that represents each organism.
Can you name the trophic levels below?? Tertiary consumer Primary consumer Producer Secondary consumer
Food Web Shows all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community.
Ecology pyramids • Diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. • 3 types
Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat 10% Consumers Heat 100% Producers Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level. Pyramid of energy • Only about 10% of energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level
Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat 10% Consumers Heat 100% Producers Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level. Pyramid of energy • The rest is lost as heat during metabolism
Pyramid of Numbers Fox (1) Birds (25) Grasshoppers (250) Grasses (3000) Pyramid of numbers • Based on the number of individual organisms at each trophic level
Pyramid of Biomass • The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass. • Represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem.
Toxic Chemicals • Nonbiodegradable materials CANNOT be broken down, remain in environment indefinitely
Toxic Chemicals • Biological magnification concentration of harmful nonbiodegradable substance increases in organisms as move up food chain