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Innovative Technologies from Brazil: South-South Co-operation

Explore the innovative technologies from Brazil, including sugar and alcohol production, sugarcane bagasse energy co-generation, biofuels, GHG emissions reduction, and more. Discover the challenges and opportunities for South-South co-operation in this field.

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Innovative Technologies from Brazil: South-South Co-operation

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  1. B A S I C B A S C I Innovative Technologies from Brazil and the Challenge for South-South Co-operation Jacques Marcovitch Universidade de São Paulo Brazil

  2. C B A S I 1. Technology and GHG Emissions Reduction • Sugar and Alcohol • Sugarcane bagasse energy co-generation. • Biofuels: ethanol production and distribution • Steel Industry • Pig iron made from coal produced from certified renewable forests • Wood carbonization process in charcoal production to mitigate methane emissions • Co-generation of energy with recuperation of LDG (Lindz-Donawitz Gas) gas • Landfills • Biogas generation in landfill to flare and/or to produce electric energy

  3. C B A S I 2. The sugar and alcohol industry in Brazil (2004/2005) Source: UNICA (2005), JORNALCANA (2005), FNP (2005) and SECEX (2005).

  4. C B A S I 3. Sugarcane bagasse for energy co-generation Technology in use • Conventional (cogeneration only during harvest) • USD $ 500 to 600 per installed kW • Generation of 40 kW/ hour per ton of cane Technology in development • Condensation/extraction (co-generation the entire year) • US$ 600-800/kW installed • 150 kWhour/t of cane • (BIG-GT – Biomass Integrated Gasifier/Gas Turbine) • US$ 2500/kW installed • 517kWhour/ton of cane

  5. C B A S I 3.1 . Co-generation of energy • Each ton of cane produces 140 kg of dry bagasse mass, 90% of which is used to produce energy at the mill. • Between 1980 and 2000, alcohol and sugar mills in Brazil evolved from a dependency on 40% - 50% purchased electrical energy to self-reliance. • Self-reliance, with a balance between bagasse availability and production energy needs and also an excess of up to 10kWh/t of cane.

  6. C B A S I 3.1. Co-generation of energy (cont) • Potential of 4.000 - 5.000 MW for 350 million tons (Mt) of cane per year. • Itaipu – 18 turbines – individual capacity of 715 MW • Recent situation • 184 self-reliant producers of the alcohol and sugar sector • In 2003, installed capacity of 1.582 MW, about 10% of the Brazilian thermoelectric capacity • In 2002, trade of an excess of 5.360 GWh (1,6% of the consumption of electricity in Brazil)

  7. C B A S I 4. Ethanol as biofuel Tecnology for Ethanol Production Car Technology using Biofuels

  8. C B A S I 4.1 Ethanol Production • Technology has reached full maturity; • Considerable progress made between 70’s and 90’s • Productivity: 4,200 liters per hectare of cane (1980) 6,350 liters per hectare of cane (2003). • Efficiency in the conversion of saccharose to ethanol • Extraction and treatment of the juice (grinding) • Fermentation • Distillation • Consumption of energy and water.

  9. C B A S I 4.2. Car Technology using Biofuels • Chronology: • 1975: Brazilian energy matrix diversification with alcohol for transports • 1988: Flex technology patented in Brazil • 2003: Flex Fuel vehicle in Brazil • Alcohol + Flex-Fuel vehicle participation in total sales: • 2003: 7.0% • 2004: 26.0% • 2005: 46.6% (through July)

  10. C B A S I Gasohol Alcohol Flex-fuel 4.3 Projected sales of ethanol and flex-fuel cars Source: ANFAVEA Elaboration: UNICA

  11. C B A S I 5. Green House Gases Emissions Reduction (CO2) Source: Cenbio/CEBDS *Baseline: Generation of electric energy using gas (40% of efficiency).

  12. C B A S I 5.1. Comparative Green House Gases emissions reduction (CO2) • Produced renewable energy/ consumed fossil energy relation (ratio kcal/ton of cane) • 1,4 corn ethanol in US; • 1,9 beet ethanol in Europe; • 8,3 cane ethanol in Brazil. • Avoided emissions • 2,6 - 2,7 t CO2 eq./m3 of anhydrous ethanol (added to gasoline); • 1,7 -1,9 t CO2eq./m3 of hydrated ethanol (pure use); • Production of 14 million m3 per year, 50:50 anhydrous and hydrated, reduction of 30,1 million tCO2e.

  13. C B A S I 6. Technology innovation and the South-South cooperation • Ethanol production technology: • Main countries : India, Thailand etc….. • Caribbean countries: reduction of taxes for access to US market • South-South technology co-operation • Sharing of information regarding the performance of ESTs in developing countries; • Joint R&D and demonstration programs; • Promoting the development of human resources. • Opening markets for ESTs from other developing countries.

  14. 7. Sugar Cane Agriculture in Brazil North-Northeast (20% area) Crop season: sept/march Mid-South (80% area) crop season: april/ november

  15. Global Ethanol Production 2004

  16. B A S I C Thank you! Prof. Jacques Marcovitch Universidade de São Paulo E-mail: jmarcovi@usp.br

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