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The Rise of Brazil and South America

The Rise of Brazil and South America. March 25, 2014. Overview. Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms Three keys to Brazil’s rise Why South America? Power without leadership. Why this case?. Another example of FP challenges of an emerging power

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The Rise of Brazil and South America

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  1. The Rise of Brazil and South America March 25, 2014

  2. Overview • Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms • Three keys to Brazil’s rise • Why South America? • Power without leadership

  3. Why this case? • Another example of FP challenges of an emerging power • The role of soft power in gaining global influence • The impact of cooperation between emerging powers in building their influence

  4. Brazil: Emerging power • Fifth largest country (size & population) • Eighth largest economy • High rates of growth, stability and FDI • Self-sufficient in energy • Long standing diplomatic tradition • However challenges remain • World cup protests, favelas

  5. Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms Brazilian foreign policy principles: • Sovereignty and non-intervention • Pacifism • Respect for international law and the defense of multilateralism

  6. Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms • Emphasis on development • Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) • Political autonomy

  7. The principles and objectives lead to several competing foreign policy traditions of Brazil: • Brazil being between pragmatic association with the United States and diversification • Realist-based discourse of Brazil about world politics - that is state-centric and power-based • Brazilian relations with “unsavory” regimes

  8. Three keys to Brazil’s rise • The role of South America • Multilateralism • South-South cooperation

  9. The Role of South America • Eliminate past sources of tension with Argentina and strengthen democratic process at home. • Prepare Brazilian productive sector for global competition. • Steps toward international recognition • Corrective to increased US influence

  10. Multilateralism • Brazil resumed and intensified its participation as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. • It increased its involvement in UN peacekeeping missions. • Gaining a permanent seat in the UNSC has become somewhat of a Brazilian obsession since the mid-1990s.

  11. South-South cooperation • Active participant in multilateral trade negotiations conducted within the framework of GATT • Originally favored the creation of the World Trade Organization as a means of creating more effective rules to protect its weaker members

  12. Why South America? Brazil-Argentina: From Rivalry to Rapprochement • Bilateral integration viewed as the necessary starting point for a wider sub-regional process from the start • Seen as allowing Brazil to position itself in region and globally(Mercosur, FTAA, Integration of Regional Infrastructure, South American Community of Nations).

  13. Power without leadership • Do see shift from non-interference to non-intervention But… • Failure to provide leadership with Colombia • Reluctance to shoulder cost of regional integration • Lack regional recognition.

  14. Brazil has had to contend with at least one other Latin American competitor for regional power and influence (e.g. Venezuela). • Brazilian diplomats cautious of openly questioning Washington.

  15. Lessons for emerging powers • What lessons does the Brazil case suggest for emerging powers?

  16. Emerging powers: Opportunities & challenges • Collaboration with other nations can play an important role in the rise of emerging powers • However, can also been impediment to recognition as leader from those same countries • Tension of when to collaborate with & when to challenge major powers

  17. Conclusions • See certain degree of contradiction in its foreign policy, in part a reflection of lack of vision of its place in world • Has been able to achieve significant influence and power on global stage strictly through soft power • Personalities of its leaders has played important role in its rise

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