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BELLWORK

BELLWORK. Describe the causes/effects of the Berlin blockade. In early 1949, who had the “upper hand” in the Cold War? Why? By the fall of 1949, there was a shift in the balance of power……why? Summarize these changes in power! Explain the findings in the White Paper report.

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BELLWORK

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  1. BELLWORK • Describe the causes/effects of the Berlin blockade. • In early 1949, who had the “upper hand” in the Cold War? Why? By the fall of 1949, there was a shift in the balance of power……why? Summarize these changes in power! • Explain the findings in the White Paper report. • What is McCarthyism? How did this change public opinion of the Cold War? • How did the second Red Scare effect government policy? • Explain the findings in the NSC-68 report. • THINKER: Revisionist historians criticize NSC-68 for being based on a false premise, and used as an “excuse for U.S. expansionism.” To what extent do you agree with this? Explain!

  2. Cold War Red Scare McCarthyism & Witch Hunts

  3. McCarthyism • Republican Senator from WI, served 1947-1957 • McCarthyism: the practice of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, in order to restrict dissent or political criticism. • Led to the Second Red Scare (1950-1956): characterized by heightened political repression against communists, as well as a fear campaign and “witch hunt”

  4. McCarthyism • Targets were government employees, the entertainment industry, educators & union activists • Supported by the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover

  5. House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Formed in 1938 • Focused on the investigation of accused communists or “comsymps” • In 1947, HUAC led the investigations on the “Hollywood 10”

  6. The Hollywood 10 • Group of 10 Hollywood writers, directors, actors investigated by HUAC for involvement in the Communist party • On trial, pleaded the 5th Amendment, but were charged with contempt of Congress • All were blacklisted • In total, 158 people were blacklisted from the film industry

  7. Other Anti-Communist Policies McCarran Act: 1950 Loyalty Program: 1947 Executive Order 9835 designed to root out communist influence in the government investigated over 3 million government employees & 300 of whom were dismissed as security risks Required members of the government to take an oath of loyalty • McCarran Act (Internal Security Act of 1950): required members of the Communist party to register with the attorney general, and the named organizations had to provide certain information, such as lists of their members. • Nevada Senator, Pat McCarran • Established the Subversive Activities Control Board to determine which individuals and organizations had to comply with the law • Failure to satisfy the requirements could result in criminal prosecution and stiff fines. • Repealed by Supreme Court in 1968 and declared unconstitutional

  8. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg • Accused of being spies for the Soviet Union and releasing information about the atomic bomb • Found guilty of conspiring to commit espionage • Executed June 19, 1953

  9. End of McCarthyism • Army-McCarthy Trials • April 1954 - June 1954 • McCarthy accused members of the military as communist • First televised court trial • Showed his radicalism, led to a decline in popularity

  10. HOMEWORK • Read the rest of the chapter 5 packet on the Korean War • Focus on causes/effects and international involvement

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