Do Now & Homework

1. Do Now & Homework • Pass up your test corrections – and if you were absent, I will hand them back to you to be completed by THURSDAY. HOMEWORK: Define these words in your notebook pg 209-214: • Muhammad • Abu Bakr • Caliph • Five Pillars

2. BIG Ideas of the Muslim World • Included lands and peoples from parts of three continents. • Kept, mixed and spread the cultures of classical Greece, Roman, India and other civilizations. • Enjoyed a golden age with advances in art, literature, math and science. • Spread new learning to Christian Europeans.

3. The Spread of Islam • Islam arose in the Arabian in the early 600s. • Muhammad, founder of Islam, died in 632. • Abu Bakr was elected first caliph, or successor. • Abu Bakr conquered: • Byzantine & Persian Empires = early 600s • North Africa = mid to late 600s • Spain and Sicily = early 700s • India = early 700s-1200s • Southeast Asia = 1200s

4. Reasons for Success • Arabs were strong fighters. • Byzantine & Persian empires were weak from fighting each other. • Muslims were united by their belief in Islam. • Muslim rulers treated their conquered kindly, many turning to Islam.

5. Do Now & Homework • State in your notebook TWO of FOUR reasons why Islam was successful. HOMEWORK: On loose leaf, page 222 # 5, 9, 14 BOTH QUESTION AND ANSWER

6. Islamic Law • Sharia – Islamic system of laws • Regulated moral behavior, family life, business, government, and other areas of community life. • Laws united the Muslims. • Sharia did not separate religious and worldly matters.

7. Divisions within Islam • After Muhammad’s death, followers split into two groups: • Sunni • Shiite • Sunnis believed that caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders. • Sunnis believed did not view the caliph as a religious authority. • Shiites believed that only descendants of the prophet Muhammad should be his successors. • This split still exists today in the branches of Christianity.

8. Social Patterns • Arabs considered themselves superior to non-Arabs. • Arabs could move up in social order (pyramids), especially religious, scholarly or military achievements. • Islamic leaders imposed a special tax on non-Muslims, but allowed people to practice their own faiths. • Slavery of other countries worked as house servants or craftspeople. • Enslaved people could buy their freedom. • Children could be saved from slavery if a slave converted to Islam.

9. Women in Islam • The Qur’an protected women of this time. • Daughters could not be killed and protected rights of widows. • Women could inherit rights, could be educated and consent to marry freely, however, less rights than men. • In Byzantine and Persia, women wore veils and secluded themselves in home, depending on their social class.

10. Muslim Empires • Umayyad dynasty – spread Islam to the Atlantic in the west and Indus Valley in the east, based in Damascus, and caused tension between Sunnis & Shiites, and Arabs vs. non-Arabs. • Abbassid dynasty – captured Damascus and moved court to Baghdad, ending Arab domination of Islam. • 900s – Seljuk Turks adopted Islam and built their empire. • 1200s – Mongols destroyed Baghdad.

11. Do Now & Homework • What rights did Islamic women have? STATE 2 or 3 ideas.

12. Islamic Golden Age Art • • Use beautiful writing and patterns to decorate • buildings and art • • Adapt Byzantine domes and arches • • Paint people and animals in nonreligious art Literature • • Consider Quran most important piece of Arabic • literature • • Chant oral poetry • • Collect stories from other people Learning Medicine • • Translate writings of Greek philosophers • • Develop algebra • • Observe Earth turning and measure its • Circumference Medicine • • Require doctors to pass difficult tests • • Set up hospitals with emergency rooms • • Study diseases and write medical books

13. Advancements of the Muslims • Muslim empires had many libraries and universities. • Muslim architects were influenced on Byzantine domes and arches. • Muslim leader forbid artists to portray God or human figures in religious art. • Calligraphy was used for their writing and art. • Muslims wrote poetry and stories, and important philosophers.

14. Advancements Continued • Muslims pioneered the study of algebra. • Muslim astronomers observed the Earth’s rotation and calculated the circumference of the Earth within a few thousand feet. • Doctors were tested and hospital were set up. • Muslims traded, manufactured and had lots of agriculture. • In trade, Muslims set up partnerships, credit, and banks to exchange different kinds of currency ($$)

15. Christian Europe Enriched • In Spain, Muslims were called Moors, continued accepting other religions and hired Jewish officials and encouraged Christian students to study Greek thought. • In Sicily, Muslims provided effective government, and Arab merchants and farmers helped the economy grow.