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Genetics vs Environment: Decoding Nature vs Nurture Debate

Uncover the age-old debate of Nature vs Nurture - explore how genes impact traits and behaviors, while also delving into the influence of environment on shaping individuals. Discover insights from studies on families, twins, and adoptions. Dive into the realm of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, and Klinefelter Syndrome. Get insights on genetic traits passed through generations and how they manifest in individuals. Explore the ethics of studying identical twins and the complexities of genetics.

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Genetics vs Environment: Decoding Nature vs Nurture Debate

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  1. Nature vs. Nurture

  2. Nature vs. Nurture • Is everything we do based on genetics (nature) or the environment (nurture)? • Is who we are determined when we are born (genetics) or does it depend on how we are raised (the environment)? • B.F. Skinner vs. Darwin

  3. Darwin- Nature • 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) • DNA • Recessive vs. Dominant • Genetics- how people/plants pass traits from one generation to generation

  4. Family Studies • Def: researchers assess heredity (genetic) influence by examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait • 50% shared each trait with siblings and parents • The more genes that are shared, the more similarity there should be • Families also share environments – so it’s difficult to know if it is primarily a result of genetics or the environment

  5. Twin Studies • Def: researchers assess heredity influence by comparing the resemblance of identical (genetically the same) twins and fraternal (non-identical) twins with respect to a trait • Identical twins: • 87% correlation of intelligence • Raised in the same environment • Not possible to split them up and put them in different environments (ETHICS!)

  6. Adoption Studies • Def: assess heredity (genetic) influence by examining the resemblance between adopted children and both their biological and their adoptive parents • If they are more similar to their biological parents, the traits are probably due to genetics • If they are more similar to their adoptive parents, the traits are probably due to the environment

  7. Chromosomal Abnormalities • Man determines sex of baby • XX = Girl, XY = Boy • Turner syndrome- 1 single x chromosome: affects females = causes physical shortness and often ovaries do not function • Klinefelter syndrome- extra X chromosome: affects males = infertility / small testicles

  8. Down Syndrome • Down Syndrome- = extra chromosome 21 • Individuals with down syndrome have distinct facial features

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