Don’t read: Revolutionary technique for solving RC for GRE, GMAT & CAT

1. Don’t read: Revolutionary technique for solving RC for GRE, GMAT & CAT By: Satyadhar Joshi shivgan3@yahoo.com http://www.freegregmatclass.com/ http://onlineclasses.nanotechbiz.org/

2. Contents of Plan • Introduction • General areas of RCs • Predefined strategy • Pre knowledge • Skim to find author’s tone • Get to the question, read it carefully and eliminate options. Never select always remove • Diplomatic: Author is always diplomatic and so is the answer i.e. Never are things in extreme direction http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/GRE/pdf/011499.GRE.pdf

3. Time strategy with the RCs • In GRE there are 30 questions in 30 minutes, if someone do the antonyms fast enough we have around 10 min for 7 RC question. Thus we have around 1.5 minutes for one RC questions. • But, we cannot go back to questions in GRE and GMAT therefore the first question must be done carefully in more than 1.5 minutes, hence I suggest that you practice to read the paragraph in around 2.5 minutes before moving the questions • Statistically 3 question in 5 min, 4 question RC may be done in 7 minutes & 5 question in 8 min

4. ETS says: • Reading comprehension questions measure your ability to read with understanding, insight and discrimination. This type of question explores your ability to analyze a written passage from several perspectives. These include your ability to recognize both explicitly stated elements in the passage and assumptions underlying statements or arguments in the passage as well as the implications of those statements or arguments. http://www.ets.org/gre/general/prepare/sample_questions/verbal/reading_comprehension

5. ETS says: Pay attention to the following as you review the passage: • the function of a word in relation to a larger segment of the passage • the relationships among the various ideas in the passage • the relationship of the author to the topic or to the audience. You will find five types of reading comprehension questions to answer: • the main point of the passage • information explicitly stated in the passage • information or ideas implied or suggested by the author • possible applications of the author's ideas to other situations, including the identification of situations or processes analogous to those described in the passage • the author's logic, reasoning, or persuasive techniques http://www.ets.org/gre/general/prepare/sample_questions/verbal/reading_comprehension

6. ETS says: • You should analyze each passage carefully before answering the accompanying questions. As with any kind of close and thoughtful reading, look for clues that will help you understand less explicit aspects of the passage. Try to separate main ideas from supporting ideas or evidence. Try also to separate the author's own ideas or attitudes from information he or she is presenting. • Note transitions from one idea to the next, and examine the relationships among the different ideas or parts of the passage. For example, are they contrasting? Are they complementary? Consider the points the author makes, the conclusions drawn, and how and why those points are made or conclusions are drawn. • The best answer is the one that most accurately and most completely answers the questions being posed. Be careful not to pick an answer choice simply because it is a true statement. Be careful also not to be misled by answer choices that are only partially true or only partially satisfy the problem posed in the question. • Answer the questions on the basis of the information provided in the passage. Do not rely on outside knowledge. Your own views or opinions may sometimes conflict with the views expressed or the information provided in the passage. Be sure that you work within the context of the passage. You should not expect to agree with everything you encounter in reading passages. http://www.ets.org/gre/general/prepare/sample_questions/verbal/reading_comprehension

7. RCs in GMAT What Is Measured Reading Comprehension questions measure your ability to understand, analyze, and apply information and concepts presented in written form.  This section evaluates the following abilities: • Understanding words and statements in reading passages:  Questions of this type test your understanding of and ability to comprehend terms used in the passage and your understanding of the English language. • Understanding the logical relationships between significant points and concepts in the reading passages:  Questions of this type ask you to determine the strong and weak points of an argument or to evaluate the importance of arguments and ideas in a passage. • Drawing inferences from facts and statements in the reading passages:  Questions of this type ask you to consider factual statements or information and, on the basis of that information, reach a general conclusion. • Understanding and following the development of quantitative concepts as they are presented in verbal material:  Questions of this type involve the interpretation of numerical data or the use of simple arithmetic to reach conclusions about material in a passage. http://www.mba.com/mba/TheGMAT/TestStructureAndOverview/VerbalSection/

8. Areas of RCs • Science: Medicine, botany, zoology, chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy • Humanities: Art, literature, music, philosophy, folk, philosophy • Social Science: History, economics, sociology, government • Tone is trying to convince or share his opinion

9. Pre knowledge of the areas for GRE Reading comprehension 1.    Biology and Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology 2.    Psychology and basics of mind and behavior, how and where signals go and their effect on working on brain, child psychology 3.    History of US and World: Civil War, African American, Slavery, Wars (Eng vs. France) 4.    Communism and Capitalism with their important meanings 5.    Literature: Poems, scriptures, plays, mythology etc… Example Milton’s work 6.    Feminism and situation of women in world and US, esp Black female character 7.    Philosophy and basics, Greek, Persian and other older mythology 8.    Global warming, Recession, Job loss, Economics etc 9.    Formation of us and immigration from England 10. Female poets 11. Critics and implications from historical prospective 12. US history from 1650-1700, 1700-1800 and 1800-1900 and issues 13. Sociology 14. All genre of novels and also novels and style of various writers 15. Sound and related folks old things , folk arts , what is jazz and different type of music 16. Bronze age, iron age 17. Marxist Ideology and old and new labor laws for economics also, also industrialism 18. Anthropology 19. US civil wars, African Americans, Indian Americans, Mexican  American artists 20. Human relations 21. Spanish Language and its evolutions or in fact all languages 22. Biographies 23. Photography and sculptures 24. Public Administration of power distribution between kings and other men 25. Renaissance 26. Russia vs. America 27. Movies how they started in USA

10. Outline the passage • Read the first sentence and last sentence of each paragraph. • On your scrap paper, jot down a few notes for each paragraph, then write down the main idea. This is what we call outlining. Be sure to number the paragraphs in your notes. For example: • "1st paragraph: greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect introduced" • "2nd paragraph: greenhouse gases affected by humans, and CFC/ozone example" • "3rd paragraph: 2 possible results of greenhouse effect"

11. Political Answers • Correct answers will always be politically correct. Authors of passages will never say negative things about other people, groups of people or ideas. If the answer choice says that the purpose of a passage is "to demonstrate the intellectual dishonesty of our founding fathers," you can safely eliminate it without even reading the passage. • Correct answers will never be too negative, too extreme, irresponsible or irrational. Eliminate any answers that fit this category.

12. Words in the options • Certain words make choices highly specific and therefore easy to dispute--must, each, every, all, will totally, always, no. • Certain words make choices very general and therefore difficult to dispute--may, can, some, most, sometimes. • Vague, general choices won't always be ETS's answer, but ETS's answer will always be indisputable. If a statement says that something is sometimes true, you only need to find one example to prove it correct. • Many, many students make careless mistakes on LEAST/EXCEPT/NOT questions. Be careful! Remember, you are looking for the one dumb answer among the choices.

13. Communism and Capitalism with their important meanings • Communism says that the property should not be owned by any individual • It is because they think that human greed is unending which makes them exploit others to satisfy their needs. • So they think that one party rule would be best for a country which can own all the land. • On the other hand Capitalism says that all the property should be privatized(market forces) which is mature enough to standardized production & prices. • Communism is also of various forms: Marxist, Maoist, Leninist, etc.

14. USSR vs. USA • USSR was ahead of US in the early 1950s & 60s in cold war (Space race, military race, nuclear race , etc.) • US caught up & move ahead of USSR post moon landing of Apollo 7. • Stalin was one of the most important ruler in the cold war with many atrocities committed under his rule.

15. Renaissance (14-17th century) • Rebirth of arts, culture, science after a state of dormancy • Da Vinci • Columbus • Newton • Michel Angelo

16. Photography and Sculptures • Micheal Angelo • David (statue made by him)

17. Global warming, Recession, Job loss, Economics etc • Contemporary topics • Conspiracy topics • Both aspects of the game • A lot of depth and reasoning is used to support and contradict

18. History of US and World • Important events in US History

19. Evolution

20. Feminism

21. Native Americans • European exploration and colonization • Foundations for freedom • Indian Appropriations Act

22. Picasso

23. Shakespeare

24. CAT RCs • Economy • Psychology • Financial • Jobs • Biology • Technology

25. Keen Keen Interest • Develop Interest in the area • It is high imp and condensed area • High motivational Level

26. Ability to concentrate. • Yoga and meditation • Spacing out, drifting off, falling asleep, etc • Keeping your mind stable • Working on nerves • Focused • Confident

27. Diplomatic Language • Diplomatics is the "science of diplomas, or of ancient writings, literary and public documents, letters, decrees, charters, codicils, etc., which has for its object to decipher old writings, to ascertain their authenticity, their date, signatures, etc."

28. Tactics: Strategy • Read questions and then read passage • Learn major question types and technical terms • Main ideas depends on first and last lines of each paragraph • Don’t be too specific or too broad • Be careful to understand tone: Author is always diplomatic and political • Inferences are tough, see what passage implies and not what it states • Put yourself in author’s page: He generally tells the story for a purpose

29. Addition to the strategy • Writing techniques are: Comparing vs Contrasting • Show case effect • State a position and then examples • Extension • Tones: Positive, negative or neutral (mostly it is neutral) • Focus on adjectives • Answer is not emotional, not extreme, and not grammatically wrong

30. Track Words • Example: but, since, therefore,etc

31. Importance of Pivotal / Triggering Words • Loud and speak these words with care and effort: but, however, although, except • While in pace reading you may forget these words • They helps to find authors attitude, complexity involved, significance points, strong opinions, weak and unsupported points

32. Fast reading concepts • Eye movement • Non-lip and no-voice reading • Varying the pace here and there • Urgency • Same energy level • Developing interest and understand how they squeezed all the information to one RC, it’s a tough job to do that so enjoy your time From the book “How to read better and faster”

33. Put yourself in authors position • ETS revelations: Big book and Real 19 • Various Exams GRE vs GMAT vs TOEFL • Distributions of areas

34. DIAGRAMMING • Time, Details and Focus

35. Common Questions asked: • Main idea • Attitude of writer • Author says • Author does not say • Implied meaning • Title of passage

36. Advanced concepts: changing seats • Outside knowledge always help but don’t apply it to the RC • Inside knowledge is also helpful, means ETS ways of writing RC • This is not business reading, not normal reading not novel reading, this is ETS reading • Optimizing scratch paper usage if necessary • Learn to pick and detect the use of Yin Yang words • POE is a great weapon • Detect vague answers with the help of: Sometimes, can, may, most, usually

37. Power of Elimination (POE) • Author is mostly and careful in taking a diplomatic stand while discussing his ideas, views and contention. • Extremism is rarely present in any part of the discussion • Author generally generalizes the answer WWE Elimination Chamber

38. Basics of Business Judgment This is the most important form of problems posed under the BJ section. You will be given different conclusions / statements / assumptions / items and would be required to classify each of these under one of the following categories viz. 1. MAJOR OBJECTIVE: An objective is a final result desired by someone. Hence a major objective is the most important result desired. It is the aim or the major purpose of some action. 2. MAJOR FACTOR: A factor is used to determine the decision. Thus a major factor is a basic factor influencing a decision. It might affect the basic reason for some action. 3. MINOR FACTOR: It is a secondary/less important factor affecting the decision taking process. 4. MAJOR ASSUMPTION: It is the basic/primary assumption made by the decision maker in order to make the decision. 5. UNIMPORTANT ISSUE: It is not significantly related to the decision making Process.

39. Art of War (RC): Understand your enemy • What is his constrains • And limitations • War on with ETS to get the RCs correct

40. Greek Mythology for RC

41. 3 Step method • Read the first line of each paragraph 3 times • Deploy your mind to get the idea about passage from the pre knowledge • Shout / focus / stress on the triggering words • For questions: POE, DL, Not to Broad or specific, use of scratch paper (use it during break) • Read rc twice, read questions twice

42. Strategies • In Princeton Review

43. Practice with me • While the online classes get: scratch paper to add one word for each paragraph, eliminating options. • Test and practice this all with me!!!! • Join the next session for Practice • Example RCs from big book

44. Examples • Arts & History • Business & Economy • Science & Engineering

45. ArpitGuest Lecture on CAT IIM • Pre knowledge: • Politics (imp sub topics like democracy communism monarchy ) • Economics (globalization, WTO, IMF) • Sports (Hobbies effect)

46. Class Videos @ Youtube • Introduction • Pre knowledge (3) • Triggering Words • Power of Elimination • Diplomatic Language • How to read faster and better (6 concepts) • 3 step reading and 3 step solving • Solving the small ones (Online Live) • New GRE Questions & Issues

47. Three signs • - • : • ;

48. Video Packages for GRE • GRE 500 Tough words in 5 hours • RC 27 areas in 10 hours • 77 Toughest Sentence completion Videos • 11 hours and 5 Areas of Pre-know for AWA • 5 hours 111 tough Analogies for the GRE • Complete package

49. Practice • 23,21,

50. References • GRE Barrons • GRE Nova • Cracking the GMAT • How to read better and faster • ETS • http://gmatclub.com/forum/rc-through-videos-99566.html