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Declaring Independence

Declaring Independence. 6.4. Siege of Boston. After Margaret Gage warns of Lexington and Concord, Colonial militia surround Boston, start “Siege of Boston” Have 15,000 soldiers, but few heavy guns Ft. Ticonderoga in NY has cannon, is poorly defended

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Declaring Independence

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  1. Declaring Independence 6.4

  2. Siege of Boston After Margaret Gage warns of Lexington and Concord, Colonial militia surround Boston, start “Siege of Boston” Have 15,000 soldiers, but few heavy guns Ft. Ticonderoga in NY has cannon, is poorly defended Ethan Allen leads Green Mountain Boys to take the fort- succeed

  3. Ethan Allen

  4. Ethan Allen demands the Ft

  5. 2nd Continental Congress Meets May 1775- Intolerable Acts had not been repealed Becomes National Government Create Continental Army, make George Washington (GW) commanding General

  6. 2nd Continental Congress

  7. Bunker Hill • Gage plans to break out of Boston, take surrounding hills, push militia back • Believe will be easy, think Militia forces poor fighters • Colonist discover plan, build up defenses, are short of ammunition • Regulars begin assault up Breed’s Hill- main force hit hard, heavy casualties forced to retreat • Try again- same result, • 3rd time, get reinforcements, take the hill • Militia run out of ammunition, forced to retreat

  8. Effects Was victory for the British, but suffer huge casualties- more than expected British determined to subdue colonies British begin to think differently of militia strength and ability Gage is replaced by General Howe

  9. Olive Branch Petition • 2nd Cont. Cong. Sends to King George after Bunker Hill • Want to prevent further bloodshed • Reaffirmed loyalty to Britain, asked King to work to resolve issues • Claim don’t want independence • King refuses to read it • Declared all colonies in a state of rebellion • Wants to punish the colonies

  10. Building Forces GW arrives in Boston- begins work on turning militia into pro army Nov. 1775- Henry Knox sent to bring artillery from Ticonderoga to Boston Brings 59 heavy guns across snow, ice GW puts them on Dorchester Hills, threatens British fleet Forces Brits out of Boston

  11. Common Sense • January 1776- Thomas Paine writes pamphlet promoting independence • Attacks Britain, monarchy • Writes in a way to reach common man • Straightforward approach- pushes many to support independence movement

  12. Declaring Independence • Increased popularity, success of Boston pushes 2nd Cont. Cong. to break with Britain • July 4th 1776- Declaration of Independence issued • Based on John Locke’s ideas of natural rights • If government violates rights, is responsibility of people to abolish and replace the government • Explains how Britain has failed to uphold those rights

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