CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT

1. CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT

2. What is hazard? • A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. • Basically - can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects or to organizations as property or equipment losses).

3. What types of hazards are there? A common way to classify hazards is by category: • biological - bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans, etc., • chemical - depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of the chemical. • ergonomic - repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, etc.,

4. Cont……….Hazards is by category: • physical - radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, etc, • psychosocial - stress, violence, etc., • safety - slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns

5. Top 10 hazards for 2011 include: • Radiation overdose and other dose errors during radiation • Therapy • Alarm hazards • Cross-contamination from flexible endoscopes • The high radiation dose of CT scans • Data loss, system incompatibilities and other health IT complications. • Over sedation during use of PCA infusion pumps • Needle sticks and other sharps injuries • Surgical fires • Defibrillator failure in emergency resuscitation attempts

6. What is risk? • Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse healtheffect if exposed to a hazard. • It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.

9. What is an accident? An accident is an unplanned event, which could result in injury to persons, or in damage to plant and equipment or both

10. Accident Cases

11. What is an adverse health effect? A general definition of adverse health effect is "any change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems".

12. Adverse health effects include: • bodily injury, disease, • change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops, • effects on a developing fetus • effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects) • decrease in life span, • change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents, and so on, and • effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress.

13. fitting the job to workers • Ergonomik bermaksud, penyesuaian pekerjaan terhadap pekerja Setiap pekerja tidak sama ukurannya dan setiap orang mempunyai keterbatasan-keterbatasan tertentu. Ergonomik bertujuan untuk menyusunatur tempat kerja, proses kerja, perlengakapan, dan alat-alat supaya sesuai dengan kita. Sebagai seorang pekerja, sangat penting bagi kita untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengatur kontur dan postur badan kita agar ianya bersesuai dengan kita.

14. incurred losses • losses that have occurred within a stipulated time period whether paid or not.