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Renaissance and Reformation Legacy: Art, Writers, and Ideas

Explore the Renaissance era from 1300-1600, a rebirth of classical arts and learning in Italy. Discover influential figures like the Medici family, Humanism, and Renaissance writers Dante, Erasmus, and Machiavelli. Delve into Renaissance art, including works by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. The era saw the spread of ideas through the printing press and led to the Reformation, with Martin Luther challenging Church practices. Learn about John Calvin, predestination, and the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

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Renaissance and Reformation Legacy: Art, Writers, and Ideas

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  1. SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the renaissance and reformation.

  2. RENAISSANCE: • 1300-1600 • Means “rebirth” in Classical learning & arts (Greeks & Romans) • Transition from medieval times to early modern world • Began in Florence, Italy 1. center of Roman Empire (art & architecture) 2. encouraged trade with Muslim world 3. large merchant class

  3. MEDICI FAMILY: • Lived in Florence • Ran government • Patrons (financial supporter) of the arts • Helped to support poets, artists, architects, scientists

  4. HUMANISM: Intellectual movement that focused on studying Greek and Roman Classics in order to better understand the world Petrarch Poet and scholar who is called the “Father of Humanism” Organized a library of Greek & Roman works.

  5. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • Wrote about curiosity & interests in humans • Focused on philosophy, humanism, literature, men & women achieving success • DANTE: * The Divine Comedy *Journey through hell & purgatory *Summarizes Christian ethics; shows how people’s actions in life determine their fate in afterlife

  6. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • ERASMUS: • Humanist writer who encouraged people to be open-minded and show good will toward others. • Encouraged the Bible to be translated from Latin into the vernacular (language of the people) • Disturbed by corruption in Catholic Church

  7. RENAISSANCE WRITERS: • Machiavelli • The Prince • Describes how a ruler can gain & retain power through both honesty & deception • The end justifies the means: use whatever means necessary to achieve goals • Being feared is more important than being loved if a leader has to choose between the two. PAGE 417

  8. RENAISSANCE ART & ARCHITECTURE:

  9. RENAISSANCE ART: • Realistic- based off ancient Greco-Roman influences • Subjects • famous & wealthy individuals who commissioned (paid for) paintings/sculptures • Christian stories and individuals • Greek & Roman subjects

  10. LEONARDO DA VINCI: • Sketched nature & dissected corpses • Paintings filled with realism • Considered the “Renaissance Man” (painter, sculptor, engineer, architect); expert at many things

  11. MONA LISA

  12. THE LAST SUPPER:

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfL5f6cZlk8&ytsession=RvUZ2_2FbFsg5X5opAifQ4DKBZgxPt3q-l9mZ7nu0JdMPfekPtJ4Hq5UKgdze9zlBv0qkShCGkrj7OhatMQK1vQ38bzw4I6waLSzhJlmJJ-1MAeh8MXOZ1mb786ndfjVDkViop-2SI_E_oMSqKXkSX6CiwyFCCnEJNmnCzb0tga7EBrdpigKNVHe57o9PO1PJrQtG1jbuicmaMZ0o-mJSd8BYffcU7iJ-jkjuVl1Jn289eJ_0g5j_z87yd6NE2A2CSpRH4u5zB1mrALdhMP_cRCQtOPyGzX4xslxxXUQlqI2yF_NSCzObmuzJQ3WmjfdTMv_Rp7WO-Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfL5f6cZlk8&ytsession=RvUZ2_2FbFsg5X5opAifQ4DKBZgxPt3q-l9mZ7nu0JdMPfekPtJ4Hq5UKgdze9zlBv0qkShCGkrj7OhatMQK1vQ38bzw4I6waLSzhJlmJJ-1MAeh8MXOZ1mb786ndfjVDkViop-2SI_E_oMSqKXkSX6CiwyFCCnEJNmnCzb0tga7EBrdpigKNVHe57o9PO1PJrQtG1jbuicmaMZ0o-mJSd8BYffcU7iJ-jkjuVl1Jn289eJ_0g5j_z87yd6NE2A2CSpRH4u5zB1mrALdhMP_cRCQtOPyGzX4xslxxXUQlqI2yF_NSCzObmuzJQ3WmjfdTMv_Rp7WO-Y

  14. MICHELANGELO: • Sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, poet • Created the state of David • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (4 years to complete) • Designed St. Peter’s Cathedral (Rome)

  15. ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL:

  16. RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD: • Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press • Printed the first complete edition of the Bible with moveable type • Many changes: 1. printed books were cheaper/easier to produce 2. more books available 3. more people learned to read 4. new ideas & places

  17. LEGACY OF THE RENAISSANCE: • Church not as powerful • After the spread of books, people began questioning things (religion, politics, social structures)

  18. REFORMATION: • 1500’s: religious movement that affected Christians at all levels of society • Church was abusing its power: *competed with kings for political power *led lavish lives *increased fees for services *indulgences • Erasmus & other Christian Humanists began to push for reform (changes)

  19. MARTIN LUTHER: • 1517: German monk & professor that started the Protestant Reformation • 95 Theses • Luther’s criticisms of the Church • Nailed them to the door of the Church that he was pastor at in Germany • Spread quickly

  20. LUTHER’S TEACHINGS: Indulgences were not found in the bible Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory Christians could be saved only through faith Church could only be reformed by a non-Church authority Bible is the only source of truth; people can read & interpret Bible themselves Is excommunicated

  21. * Luther popular b/c society is unhappy Protestants* Christian group formed by supporters of Luther; Based off of Luther’s teachings http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution

  22. JOHN CALVIN: • Church Reformer who lived in Switzerland • Predestination • Belief that salvation was determined by God before a person was born • Calvinism

  23. CATHOLIC/COUNTER REFORMATION: • 1530S-1540S: Pope wants to revive the authority of the Church; wants to end corruption in the Church also • Council of Trent (1545): *20 years *reaffirmed traditional Catholic views *salvation through faith & good works *Bible not the only source *indulgences valid, unless sold for wrong reasons

  24. JESUITS: • Means “Society of Jesus” • Group of crusaders that defended and spread Catholic faith • Set up schools • Converts & missions • Stop Protestantism

  25. LEGACY OF CATHOLIC REFORMATION: • Majority of people remained Catholic • Church abuses were reduced • However, Protestantism began to spread throughout Europe • Still divides Europe on different interpretations of Christianity

  26. CHRISTIANITY 1054: Great Schism Baptist Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Church of Christ 1517: Protestant Reformation Episcopal Church of God Methodist Lutheranism Presbyterian Calvinism

  27. ENGLISH REFORMATION: • Henry VIII • King of England • Wanted a divorce from his first wife because she had not given birth to a son • Only sons could inherit the throne • Without a son, England would be in chaos after Henry’s death • Since England was Catholic, only the Pope could grant a divorce • The Pope said no.

  28. Henry VIII decided to make himself the head of the Church of England instead of the Pope. Beheaded Divorced Beheaded Divorced Survived Died

  29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQIqma8jeyM

  30. ELIZABETH • Elizabeth I • Henry VIII’s daughter • Made the Church of England Anglican • Compromise between Protestant and Catholic

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