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Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation

Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation. inveniō , invenīre , invēnī , invēntus : to find, discover Conjugation # ______. I find, I am finding, I do find. inveniō. invenīs. you find. invenit. he/she/it finds. invenīmus. we find. invenītis. you all find. inveniunt.

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Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation

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  1. Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, invēntus: to find, discover Conjugation # ______ I find, I am finding, I do find inveniō invenīs you find invenit he/she/it finds invenīmus we find invenītis you all find inveniunt they find Translate the following forms into English (2 pts.) amat ________________ petitis ________________ delēmus ________________ curris ________________ respondent ________________ he/she/it loves you all seek/attack we destroy you run they respond/reply

  2. Quiz 3: Present and Perfect Systems Translation Translate the following forms into English (3 pts.) inveniēbam ________________ dēlēvērunt ________________ cucurreratis ________________ respondēbās ________________ reddiderimus ________________ cēpistī ________________ sciēmus ________________ tenēbit ________________ cōgitāverit ________________ petiveritis ________________ I was finding/used to find they destroyed you all had run you were responding/used to respond/reply we will have returned you seized/captured we will know he/she/it will hold/have he/she/it will have thought you all will have attacked/sought/aimed at 1 pt. for tense, 1 pt. for person and number, 1 pt. for definition If you scored lower than a 24/30, see me after class

  3. Quiz 3: Present and Perfect Systems Translation Translate the following forms into English (3 pts.) inveniēbas ________________ dēlēvit ________________ cucurrerant ________________ respondēbāmus ________________ reddideritis ________________ cēpistis ________________ sciēt ________________ tenēbit ________________ cōgitāverō ________________ petiveris ________________ I was finding/used to find they destroyed you all had run you were responding/used to respond/reply we will have returned you seized/captured we will know he/she/it will hold/have he/she/it will have thought you all will have attacked/sought/aimed at 1 pt. for tense, 1 pt. for person and number, 1 pt. for definition If you scored lower than a 24/30, see me after class

  4. 7/17/13 Do Now: • Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading and Quiz 4 at the top • Place your homework from yesterday in the black tray on my desk

  5. Quiz 4: The Passive Voice(each sentence = 5 pts.) • virīconsulēs in senātūaudiunt. • Translation: _____________________________ • Pass. sent. in English: _____________________ • Pass. sent. in Latin: _______________________ • urbsflammīsdēlēbātur. • Translation: _____________________________ • Act. sent. in English: _______________________ • Act. sent. in Latin.: _________________________ The men listen to/hear the consuls in the senate. The consuls are heard by the men in the senate. consulēsāvirīs in senātūaudiuntur. The city was being destroyed by flames. Flames were destroying the city. flammaeurbemdēlēbant. flamma, -aef.: flame

  6. Add one exception to the Formation of the FUTURE TENSE • For the 1st and 2nd conjugations, the 3rd person plural ending is ‘bunt’ (not ‘bint’)

  7. 7/18/13 Do Now: • Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading and Quiz 5 at the top • Place your homework from yesterday in the black tray on my desk • If you see your name listed below, please write your e-mail address at the top of your quiz paper today: • Christian • Salman • Jeffrey • Robert • Stephanie • Arslan • Johnson • Angelica • Yu Xuan

  8. Quiz 5: Relative Pronouns, Antecedents and Clauses DIRECTIONS: Bracket off [ ] the dependent clause in the following sentence, then identify the antecedent and relative pronoun, and translate each clause. • Hannibal quīāRōmānīsodiēbāturdūxPunicusmagnuserat. • Antecedent: _________= __________ • Translate dependent clause: _____________________ • Relative pronoun: __________=_________ • Translate independent clause: ____________________ odiō, odīre, odivī, ---: to hate Hannibal, Hannibalism.: Hannibal Antecedent and Rel. Pronoun = 6 pts each, 3 per blank Translation dep. clause = 8 pts. total (2 per word) Translation indep. clause = 10 pts total (2 per word) TOTAL: 30 points  Min. score = 24/30

  9. G = gender, N = number, C = case • dūxmagnus • What does this mean? • What is the GNC of this phrase? • Even though these words agree in GNC, why do they have different endings? • They are in different DECLENSIONS!!!

  10. 3rd declension i-stem • A 3rd declension noun which has ‘-ium’ as it’s genitive plural ending and ‘-i’ as its ablative singular ending. • Examples • mors, mortis f. (gen. pl. mortium): death • navis, navisf. (gen. pl. navium): ship • civis, civism./f. (gen. pl. civium): citizen) • For neuter i-stem nouns, there is also an ‘i’ before the nom. and acc. pl. endings • mare, marisn. (gen. pl. marium): sea • Nom. pl., acc. pl. = maria

  11. 3rd decl. i-stem • morti = BWIOF death (NOT morte) • navi = BWIOF ship • civi = BWIOF citizen • mortium = of the deaths (NOT mortum) • navium = of the ships • civium = of the citizens • maria = seas (verb)/ (verb) seas (NOT mara)

  12. 1 Termination 3rd decl. adjective potēns potentis potentī potentī potentem potēns potenti potenti potentia potentēs potentium potentium potentibus potentibus potentēs potentia potentēs potentibus

  13. Exerceāmus! • Complete the declension charts for 2 termination and 3 termination adjectives (pgs. 2-3) • Decline omnisproelium(pg. 3) • Complete the noun-adj. pair chart (pg.3)

  14. What does ‘termination’ refer to? • The termination of an adjective refers to how many different nom. sg. endings it has • 1 termination: 1 nom. sg. for all genders • Ex. potēns, potēns, potēns • 2 termination: 1 nom sg. for M./F., 1 for N. • Ex. omnis, omnis, omne • 3 termination: 1 nom. sg. for M., 1 for F., 1 for N. • Ex. celer, celeris, celere

  15. For Monday 7/22: • Begin to make flashcards for your Summer Session Vocabulary list (aim for at least 100) • Use your flashcard construction handout from Latin II for reference • Obtain an additional copy from my website: www.magistrasnyder.weebly.com

  16. Class Notes Section • Handouts from: • 7/9: Noun Declension • 7/10: Present System and Present Tense • 7/15: Present and Perfect System • 7/16: Passive voice • 7/17: Relative pronouns, antecedents, and clauses • 7/18: 3rd decl. i-stem nouns and 3rd decl. adjs.

  17. 7/22/13 Do Now: • Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading and Quiz 6 at the top • You may use your Vocabulary List • If you see your name listed below, please write your e-mail address at the top of your quiz paper today: • Christian • Salman • Jeffrey • Robert • Stephanie • Arslan • Johnson • Angelica • Yu Xuan

  18. Quiz 6: 3rd decl. adj. and i-stem nouns the strong/brave ally (verb) DIRECTIONS: Complete both charts below in full (1 pt. per box) fortissociī of the strong ally fortīsociō to/for the strong ally fortemsocium (verb) the strong ally fortisociō BWIOF the strong ally fortēssociī the strong allies (verb) fortiumsociōrum of the strong allies to/for the strong allies fortibussociīs fortēssociōs (verb) the strong allies fortibussociīs BWIOF the strong allies neut., sg., nom./acc. the quick battle fem., sg., abl. neut., pl., nom./acc. all seas

  19. For Tuesday 7/23 • Translate the passage on pg. 6 of your packet from today and answer the questions that follow it • QUIZ tomorrow on forms of possum, posse (like #1 on pg. 6) and infinitive formation (pg.2) • JUST creation/recognition, no formula memorization

  20. Infinitive Synopsis sauciāre sauciārī to wound to be wounded sauciāvisse sauciātumesse to have wounded to have been wounded sauciātūrumesse to be going to/about to wound

  21. Rules for Forming and Translating the Infinitive 2nd PP to _________ 2nd PP, but last letter is –ī instead of –e to be _________ed to have ________ed 3rd PP – ī + isse 4th PP (neut.) + esse to have been _______ed to be about to/going to ________ 4th PP – us + ūrum + esse

  22. Complementary Infinitives • Infinitives that complete (from complēre: to fill up) the meaning of a verb phrase • Ex. PunicīArmeniammoxinvaderepotuērunt. • Soon the Carthaginians were able to invade Armenia. • Complementary infinitives can be in any tense and voice, but most often present tense, active voice • Translate into English: • mīlitēsCarthāginemdēlērepotuerant. • The soldiers had been able to destroy Carthage.

  23. Subjective Infinitives • Infinitives which act as the subject of a sentence. • These infinitives will always be in the neuter gender. • Subjective infinitives can be in any tense and voice • They are most often used with the verb sum, esse, specifically est • Sentences with subjective infinitives generally sound like: • “it is ________ to _________” • “to _________ is __________”

  24. Objective Infinitives • When a finite verb has a direct object that takes an infinitive as its direct object, that infinitive is called an objective infinitive. • Ex. MithridātesmīlitēsinterficereAriobarzanemiussit. acc. subj. #1 acc. subj. #2 • OPTION 1: Mithridates ordered Ariobarzanesto kill the soldiers. • OPTION 2: Mithridates ordered the soldiers to kill Ariobarzanes. • vi. We can rely on the context, common sense, and our historical knowledge to tell us how to translate sentences with objective infinitives.

  25. possum, posse, potuī, ------ : can, to be able • Examine the Present Tense conjugation of the verb possum, posse • What is an irregular verb? • Irregular verbs do not follow normal patterns of conjugation • What about this verb is irregular? • It’s 2nd PP ends in ‘-se’ instead of ‘-re’ • It uses 2 different Present Stems in its conjugation • Stem A = pos- • Stem B = pot- • What other irregular verb serves as the ending for this verb? • The Present tense conjugation of sum, esse: to be • When the form of this verb begins with ‘s’ we use Present Stem A • When the form of this verb begins with ‘e’ we use Present Stem B

  26. 1. Answer the questions about the following verbs: he/she/it was able/could • potuit(line 1) Identify the tense of this verb: _______________________ • Change the number of this verb: __________________________ • potuerant(line 3) • Identify the tense of this verb: ____________________________ • Change the form to future tense: __________________________ • poterant(line 4) • Identify the tense of this verb: ____________________________ • Change the form to present tense: _________________________ perfect potuērunt they were able/could they had been able pluperfect poterunt they will be able they used to be able imperfect they are able possunt Translate each one of these Latin verb forms into English

  27. 7/23/13 Do Now: • Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading and Quiz 7 at the top • You may use your Vocabulary List • Take out your translation (on looseleaf) and detach pg. 6 from your packet and turn them in for HW collection • If you see your name listed below, please write your e-mail address at the top of your quiz paper today: • Salman • Johnson • Firdaus • Charles • John

  28. Quiz 7: possum and infinitives RōmānīPunicōs sine exercitūfortinōnvincerepoterant. • ID the tense, person, and # of the underlined verb: __________________ • Change the verb to the imperfect tense : ___________________ • Translate the verb form you wrote in #2: ___________________ • ID the tense and voice of the infinitive: ____________________ • Translate the entire sentence above: ____________________________________________________________ perfect, 3rd pl. poterant they were able to/used to be able to pres. active The Romans were not able/have not been able to conquer the Carthaginians without a strong army. #1-4 = 5 pts each #5 = 10 pts TOTAL = 30 pts.

  29. Quiz 7: possum and infinitives RōmānīPunicōs sine exercitūfortinōnvincerepoterant. • ID the tense, person, and # of the underlined verb: __________________ • Change the verb to the perfect tense : ___________________ • Translate the verb form you wrote in #2: ___________________ • ID the tense and voice of the infinitive: ____________________ • Translate the entire sentence above: ____________________________________________________________ perfect, 3rd pl. poterant they were able to/used to be able to pres. active The Romans were not able/have not been able to conquer the Carthaginians without a strong army. #1-4 = 5 pts each #5 = 10 pts TOTAL = 30 pts.

  30. Can a verb be used as a noun? • YES! • When an infinitive is the SUBJECT of a sentence, it’s acting like a NOUN, not a verb • Ex. pugnāremalum est. • To fight is bad • Fighting is bad • What “case” would pugnāre be in if it were a noun? • Nominative

  31. How would you translate this sentence? gladiatōrēsnepugnandumamāvērunt? • Did the gladiators love (some form of ‘fight’)? • Did the gladiators love fighting? • pugnandum = a gerund • Gerunds = verb/nouns that are translated “____ing”

  32. Gerunds -nd GERUND FORMATION: __________ + _______ + 2nd decl. sing. endings Pres. Stem

  33. Decline the gerund for the verb:expellō, expellere, expulsī, expulsus (to drive out) to drive out, driving out expellere (2 PP) expellendī of driving out to/for driving out expellendō expellendum driving out (D.O.) expellendō by driving out

  34. Present Active Participle**Present Stem +nt + 3rd declension i-stem endings**EXCEPT: Nom. sg. = Pres. Stem + ns (ex. amāns); 3rd –io and 4th conj. = ‘ie’ before ‘nt’ “the speaking consul” dīcentēsconsulēs dīcentisconsulis dīcentiumconsulum dīcentibusconsulibus dīcentīconsulī dīcentemconsulem dīcentēsconsulēs dīcenticonsule dīcentibusconsulibus

  35. Perfect Passive Participle4th PP “the enemy having been captured” “the captured enemy” hostēscaptī hostumcaptōrum hostiscaptī hostibuscaptīs hostīcaptō hostemcaptum hostēscaptōs hostecaptō hostibuscaptīs

  36. 7/24/13 Do Now: • Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading and Quiz 8 at the top • You may use your Vocabulary List • No HW collection today, only correction during classwork. Keep out your red pens after you finish your quiz.

  37. Quiz 8: gerunds and participles Directions: Manipulate and translate each of the following gerunds and/or participial phrases (5 pts. each, 25 pts. total) • Fabiusrecipiendō (sē) proeliumāmisit. • Translate the underlined word: _____________ • civisdīcēns • Change the number: ______________ • Translate a): _______________ • pecuniāinventā • Change to the dative: ______________ • Translate a): ______________ by withdrawing civēsdīcentēs the speaking citizens pecuniaeinventae to/for the money having been found/the found money

  38. Quiz 8: gerunds and participles Directions: Manipulate and translate each of the following gerunds and/or participial phrases (5 pts. each, 25 pts. total) • Fabiuscapiendōproeliummilitēsvicit. • Translate the underlined word: _____________ • consul discedēns • Change the number: ______________ • Translate a): _______________ • urbīdēlētae • Change to the ablative: ______________ • Translate a): ______________ by withdrawing civēsdīcentēs the speaking citizens pecuniaeinventae to/for the money having been found/the found money

  39. Translating Participles • PERFECT PASSIVE (P3) cōnsulvictus • the having been conquered consul • the conqueredconsul • PRESENT ACTIVE (PAP) agricolavincēns • the conqueringfarmer

  40. Translating Participles • Participles can also be translate like clauses • When we encounter a participle, we have the option of translating it using one of 5 different translations • Strict/adjectival = ____ing/ having been ____ed • Relative = who • Temporal = when, after • Causal = because • Adversative = although

  41. 1. Rōmānī, victī in proeliōCannārum, etiamcontrāPunicōsfortiterpugnāvērunt. • Strict/adjectival = The Romans, having been conquered in the battle of Cannae, still fought bravely against the Carthaginians. • Relative = The Romans, who were conquered in the battle of Cannae… • Temporal = The Romans, after they were conquered in the battle of Cannae… • Causal = The Romans, because they were conquered in the battle of Cannae… • Adversative = The Romans, although they were conquered in the battle of Cannae…

  42. Translating Participles • How do we know which of the 5 types of translations to use? • CONTEXT!!! • Don’t use the strict/adjectival unless absolutely necessary

  43. Ablative Absolutes • Ablative absolutes are participial phrases in the ABLATIVE CASE • Includes a noun and a participle • The come usually at the beginning of a sentence • They are grammatically removed from the rest of the sentence

  44. Hannōnevictō, Hannibal discedere ex Ītaliāiussus est. • Strict/adjectival: (With) Hanno having been conquered, Hannibal was ordered to depart out of/from Italy. • Temporal: After Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to depart from Italy. • Relative: Hanno who was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to depart from Italy. • Causal: Because Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to depart from Italy. • Adversative: Although Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to depart from Italy. • ABLATIVE ABSOLUTES CAN NEVER BE TRANSLATED RELATIVELY!

  45. 7/25/13 Do Now: • Take out your vocabulary list for your quiz • This quiz will be graded by me • Place your HW worksheet from last night in the tray on the desk • The following students must speak with me after class for their additional HW assignments for Monday • Firdaus • Stephanie • Charles • Ray • Devin • Viktor • Alex • Yu Xuan • Arslan • Christian

  46. Quiz 9: Ablative Absolutes DIRECTIONS: Bracket off the ablative absolute (5 pts.), identify the participle and its mood/tense (5 pts.), and translate the sentence with the indicated clausal translation. (15 pts.) /1/ militibusPunicīscaptīsRōmānī (ad) Hispaniam sine morācontenderepotuērunt. • What type of participle is in the AA? PAP / P3 • Translate the AA as a temporal clause: ___________________________ • Translate the rest of the sentence: _________________________________________ Hispania, -aef.: Hispania (Spain) mora, -aef.: delay After the Carthaginian soldiers were captured The Romans were able to head towards Hispania without delay.

  47. Quiz 9: Ablative Absolutes DIRECTIONS: Bracket off the ablative absolute (5 pts.), identify the participle and its mood/tense (5 pts.), and translate the sentence with the indicated clausal translation. (15 pts.) /1/ RōmānīssuperātīsPunicī (ad) Hispaniamceleritercontendērunt • What type of participle is in the AA? PAP / P3 • Translate the AA as a causal clause: ___________________________ • Translate the rest of the sentence: _________________________________________ Hispania, -aef.: Hispania (Spain) celeriter: adverb of celer, celeris, celere Because the Romans were overcome/conquered the Carthaginians traveled towards Hispania quickly.

  48. Take a worksheet from the desk and read pg. 1 • Complete all blanks on pg. 1 • Pgs. 2 and 3 are to be included in your sheet protectors for reference • Do this over the weekend and re-staple the packet together

  49. For Monday 7/29 • First 117 vocabulary flashcards are due Monday (Nouns, Proper Nouns, Pronouns and Verbs) • Complete HW for demonstrative adjectives and reflexive and personal pronouns • Check your e-mail for a progress report and a file of our in-class PowerPoint presentation

  50. Class Website • www.magistrasnyder.weebly.com • Visit for: • Vocabulary List • All in-class handouts and homework worksheets • In-class PowerPoint • Practice exams and quizzes

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