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Properties & Uses of Oxygen Family Elements

Explore the general properties of the oxygen family elements including Selenium, Sulfur, and Polonium: from their chemical characteristics to various applications in industries and everyday life.

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Properties & Uses of Oxygen Family Elements

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  1. Oxygen Group in Periodic Table Aaron & Catty 9.1

  2. General properties of a family Oxygen family: - Chalcogen - Oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, polonium - Both non-metal and metal - All elements in oxygen family consist of six electrons according to their own chemical properties - Each elements are quite different - As it goes down in the oxygen group it will become more metallic

  3. 1. Selenium (Se) 1. Properties/characteristics: - Atomic number: 34 - Atomic mass: 78.96 - Classification: non-metal - Number of Protons/Electrons: 34 - Number of Neutrons: 45 - Color: gray - Melting point: 217.0 °C (490.15 K, 422.6 °F) - Boiling point: 684.9 °C (958.05005 K, 1264.8201 °F) - Photovoltaic and photoconductive action

  4. Properties/characteristics - Below melting point, more uses Physical properties: - Number of allotropic forms - Allotrope of selenium: bluish, metallic - Doesn’t have specific melting point: heated – softer (change color and texture) - Electrical properties – semiconductor - Semiconductor = electric industry = technologies Chemical properties: - Reactive - Hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine - Selenium dioxide: odor of rotten horseradish

  5. Selenium (Se) 2. Usage: - Xerography (reproducing and copying documents, letters, etc) - Photographic toner - Diagnostic medicine (Radioactive selenium) - Ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos - Nutritional supplement - Electronics and glass industry - Pesticide formulations

  6. 2. Sulfur (S) 1. Properties/characteristics: - Yellow colored - Non-metal - The native form is crystalline solid - Melting point: 115 Celsius degree - Boiling point: 444 Celsius degree - Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p4 - It has 25 known isotopes - Proton & Electron: 16 - Neutron: 16

  7. Properties/characteristics - Atomic number 16 - Energy level 3 - Multivalent non-metal - Tasteless, odorless, and soft - The native form is yellow crystalline solid - Isotopes 5 - It can burn in blue flame turning into sulfur dioxide - Insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide - Brittle solid

  8. Sulfur (S) 2. Usage: - For Fertilizer, insecticides, and fungicides - Traditional medicine - Matches and gunpowder - The other usage is for corrosion resistant.

  9. 3. Polonium (Po) Properties/characteristics: - Atomic number: 84 - Melting point: 254 Celsius degree - Boiling point: 962 Celsius degree - Isotopes: 12 - Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 - Semi-metal - Radioactive - Very rare with silvery gray color - Easily dissolve and evaporate

  10. Properties/characteristics - Extremely Hazardous Radioactive element - The most metal elements in the chalcogen group - Only existed in a extremely low concentration environment - Fairly volatile, (50 percents of it will be vaporized in air for 45 hours at 55 Celcius) - Has no stable isotopes and predicted It has 50 of them

  11. Polonium (Po) 2. Usage: - Once used for textile mills - For photographic manufactures - Source of alfa-radiation research - Nuclear batteries - Neutron source - Antistatic agents - Film cleaner - Polonium can be a nuclear weapon because it provides a catalyst for plutonium detonation. - Polonium has been found in tobacco smoke

  12. Bibliography Pictures: http://www.webelements.com/_media/elements/element-pics-theo/34_Se_3.jpg http://img1.loadtr.com/b-438617-Periodic_Table_could_have.gif http://wiki.chemeddl.org/images/c/c7/SeleniumE.jpg http://jaredmettee.tripod.com/xerox.jpg http://www.prismtea.com/images/GreenGunpowderSP.jpg http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/833/1261matches.jpg http://www.ufcw.ca/Theme/UFCW/images/en/Womens%20History%20Month/images/1907_TextileMill.jpg http://www.fitcare.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/saplement.jpg http://www.cartooncolour.com/catalog/images/EdwalAntiStaticFilmCleaner4oz.jpg

  13. Bibliography "ELEMENT: SELENIUM." RADIOCHEMISTRY SOCIETY - Specialized Courses in Radiochemistry. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. <http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/elements/34.html>. "Periodic Table - Model Science Software." ChemLab A Virtual Chemistry Lab - Chemistry Lab Simulations - ChemLab by Model Science Software. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. <http://www.modelscience.com/PeriodicTable.html>. "Polonium (Po) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 14 Sept. 2010 <http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/po.htm>.

  14. Bibliography "Chemical Elements.com - Sulfur (S)." Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements. 14 Sept. 2010 <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/s.html>. "SwissEduc: Stromboli Online - Vulcano and Lipari." SwissEduc - Teaching and Learning: Unterrichtsmaterialien. 14 Sept. 2010 <http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/perm/vulcano/sulphur-vulcano-en.html>. "Oxygen Family - Body, Used, Water, Process, Earth, Life, Plants, Chemical, Form, Energy, Reaction, Gas, Animals, Carbon, Air, Cells, Parts, Effects, Primary." Science Clarified. Web. 20 Sept. 2010. <http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Oxygen-Family.html>.

  15. Bibliography "Sulphur (S) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects." Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. 20 Sept. 2010 <http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/s.htm>. "It's Elemental - The Element Polonium." Science Education at Jefferson Lab. 20 Sept. 2010 <http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele084.html>. "Sulfur." Periodic Table of Elements and Chemistry. 20 Sept. 2010 <http://www.chemicool.com/elements/sulfur.html>.

  16. Bibliography "Polonium-210." International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) :: IAEA General Conference. 20 Sept. 2010 <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/polonium210.html>. 1957, By. "Site Process History - Polonium." Welcome to Mound Museum Association's Website! 20 Sept. 2010 <http://moundmuseum.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=55&limitstart=2>. "Polonium - encyclopedia article - Citizendium." Welcome to Citizendium - Citizendium. 20 Sept. 2010 <http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Polonium>.

  17. Bibliography  1970, By. "Selenium Minerals,Selenium Properties,Selenium Uses,Selenium." Mineral Industries,World Minerals,Mineral Information,Properties of. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. <http://www.mineralszone.com/minerals/selenium.html>. "Selenium, Chemical Element - Overview, Discovery and Naming, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Occurrence in Nature, Isotopes." Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. <http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/P-T/Selenium.html>.

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