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Exploring Vertebrates: Structural & Functional Adaptations

Learn about the complexity of vertebrate body plans, their systems, and adaptations distinguishing chordates. Explore species such as Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (Birds), and Mammalia.

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Exploring Vertebrates: Structural & Functional Adaptations

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  1. Warm-Up #7 5/10/13 • What are the 3 types of body symmetry? • 2) Invertes with segmented bodies are called______. • 3) The two spots on a planarians are called______ and they are used to_____. • 4) In a closed circulatory system, where is the blood? • 5) What is the function of an excretory system?

  2. Vertebrates

  3. Essential Question What distinguishes chordates from other animals? Objectives Examine the complexity of the vertebrate body plan Determine the structural and functional adaptations of vertebrates Identify the vertebrate body systems studied in science

  4. Vertebrates • Animals with a backbone or vertebral column • Can be ectothermic or endothermic • Ectothermic – cold-blooded, body temp. controlled by behavior • Endothermic – warm-blooded, generate their own body heat

  5. Vertebrata Classification • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Subphylum: Vertebrata (Most chordates are vertebrates) • Class: Vertebrate classes - five main groups… • Fishes (include multiple classes) • Amphibia • Reptilia • Aves (Birds) • Mammalia

  6. Fishes • Fishes – most have fins, scales, and gills • First vertebrates to evolve • Include multiple classes – 3 main groups • Jawless fishes • Invertebrates; ex. lampreys, hagfish • Cartilaginous fishes • have cartilage; ex. sharks, skates, rays • Bony fishes • have hard bone; ex. flounder, clownfish, tuna

  7. Fishes • Feeding – all types • R,C,E – gills or lungs, closed circulation- heart, diffusion/ kidney • Response – well-developed nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sense organs) • Movement – muscles, fins • Reproduction – sexual (external or internal fertilization) • Body Temp. - Ectothermic

  8. Amphibia Amphibian = double life • Live in water as larvae, on land as adults • Breathe with lungs as an adult • Have moist skin with mucus glands • Lack scales and claws • 3 Groups • Salamanders • Frogs & Toads • Caecilians (no legs)

  9. Amphibia • Feeding – filter feed, herbivores as larvae; carnivores as adults • R,C,E – R- through skin & lungs (gills when larvae), C- closed with a heart, E- kidneys • Response – well developed - brain, spinal cord, sensory organs • Movement – swim as larvae, limbs as adults • Reproduction – Sexual (external fertilization, some internal) • Body Temp. – Ectothermic

  10. Cecilian

  11. Reptilia • Dry, scaly skin • Lungs • Terrestrial eggs with several membranes • 4 Groups • Lizards and snakes • Crocodilians • Turtles and tortoises • Tuatara (resemble lizards, but different)

  12. Reptilia • Feeding – herbivores, carnivores, omnivores • R,C,E – R-lungs, C-closed with heart, E-kidneys • Response – well developed - brain, spinal cord, sensory organs • Movement – strong limbs • Reproduction – sexual (internal fertilization) • Body Temp. – Ectothermic

  13. Tuatara

  14. Aves (Birds) • Reptile-like • Endothermic • Feathers • Two legs with scales – walking or perching • Front limbs modified into wings • Over 30 different orders

  15. Aves (Birds) • Feeding – herbivores, carnivores, omnivores; must eat often to maintain body heat • R,C,E – R- lungs, C- closed with heart, E- kidneys • Response – well developed - brain, spinal cord, sensory organs • Movement – wings & legs to walk, run, swim, most fly • Reproduction – Sexual (internal fertilization) • Body Temp. – Endothermic

  16. Mammalia • Hair • Nourish young with milk • Breathe air • 4 chambered hearts • Endothermic • Classified into 3 groups based on reproduction • Placental Mammals • Marsupials • Monotremes

  17. Placental Mammals • Carry young inside uterus until they give birth. • Ex. Humans, dogs

  18. Marsupials • 1st period of development occurs inside mother’s body. • 2nd period occurs in a pouch outside of mom. • Ex. Kangaroo

  19. Monotremes • Egg-laying mammals • Ex. Duck-billed platypus, echidna

  20. Mammalia • Feeding – herbivores, carnivores, omnivores • R,C,E – R- lungs, C- closed w/ heart, E- highly developed kidneys • Response – highly developed brains • Movement – wide variety of adaptations including flexible backbone • Reproduction – sexual – internal fertilization • Body Temp. – Endothermic

  21. Chordates

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